H2medicine
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Bath / Topical

Bath / topical: H₂ delivered through the skin via hydrogen-rich bathing water or local application. How much H₂ actually reaches the body this way is often unclear.

Human studies on molecular hydrogen given by Bath / Topical. This page collects the 32 studies using this route — 6 randomized trials, 7 pilot/observational studies and 8 reviews. Listed newest first.

2023 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2023 · Saengsin et al. — Hydrogen Therapy as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention in Heart Disease: From the Past Evidence to Future Application

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
2021 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2021 · Quan — Protective effects of molecular hydrogen on lung injury from lung transplantation.

Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
2021 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationBath / Topical

2021 · Zhang et al. — Hydrogen Gas: A Novel Type of Antioxidant in Modulating Sexual Organs Homeostasis.

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2020 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2020 · Kawamura et al. — Application of Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Antioxidant in Sports Science

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2015 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2015 · Ohta — Molecular hydrogen as a novel antioxidant: overview of the advantages of hydrogen for medical applications.

Methods in enzymology
2014 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2014 · Ohta — Molecular hydrogen as a preventive and therapeutic medical gas: initiation, development and potential of hydrogen medicine.

Pharmacology & therapeutics
2012 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2012 · Ohta — Molecular hydrogen is a novel antioxidant to efficiently reduce oxidative stress with potential for the improvement of mitochondrial diseases.

Biochimica et biophysica acta
2011 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2011 · Ohta — Recent progress toward hydrogen medicine: potential of molecular hydrogen for preventive and therapeutic applications.

Current pharmaceutical design
2025 RCT Human H₂ therapy InhalationBath / Topical

2025 · Grepl — Molecular hydrogen inhalation modulates resting metabolism in healthy females: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study

Medical Gas Research
2021 RCT Human H₂ therapy Bath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2021 · Javorac — Hydrotherapy with hydrogen-rich water compared with RICE protocol following acute ankle sprain in professional athletes: a randomized non-inferiority pilot trial

Research in Sports Medicine
2020 RCT Human H₂ therapy InhalationBath / Topical

2020 · Shibayama — Impact of hydrogen-rich gas mixture inhalation through nasal cannula during post-exercise recovery period on subsequent oxidative stress, muscle damage, and exercise performances in men

Medical Gas Research
2020 RCT Human H₂ therapy Saline / IVBath / Topical

2020 · Jin — Changes of nasal nitric oxide in the treatment of allergic rhinitis with hydrogen-rich saline lavage of nasal cavity

Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi (Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery)
2018 RCT Human H₂ therapy Saline / IVBath / Topical

2018 · Jin — Clinical Study of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Allergic Rhinitis

Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery
2014 RCT Human H₂ therapy TabletsBath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2014 · Ostojic et al. — Effectiveness of oral and topical hydrogen for sports-related soft tissue injuries.

Postgraduate medicine
2026 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy InhalationBath / Topical

2026 · Pozdnyakova — The combined use of inhaled nitric oxide and molecular hydrogen in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome

Terapevticheskii arkhiv
2026 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy InhalationBath / Topical

2025 · Moriya et al. — Hydrogen Inhalation Is Associated With a Transient Rightward Shift in Prefrontal Oxyhemoglobin Asymmetry and Autonomic Modulation

Scientific reports
2024 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy InhalationBath / Topical

2024 · Salomez-Ihl — H2 inhalation therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19 (H2COVID): a prospective ascending-dose phase I clinical trial

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2022 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Bath / Topical

2022 · Tanaka — Hydrogen-rich bath with nano-sized bubbles improves antioxidant capacity and inflammation levels in human serum

Medical gas research
2021 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Bath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2021 · Kato — Heat-retention effects of hydrogen-rich water bath assessed by thermography for humans

Journal of Thermal Biology
2019 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Bath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2019 · Asada et al. — Effects of hydrogen-rich water bath on visceral fat and skin blotch, with boiling-resistant hydrogen bubbles.

Medical gas research
2018 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Bath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2018 · Zhu — Positive Effects of Hydrogen-Water Bathing in Patients of Psoriasis and Parapsoriasis en Plaques

Scientific reports
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Bath / Topical

2025 · Zhu — Transdermal Hydrogen Therapy for Psoriasis Using Cavity-embedded Double-conical Microneedles

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Bath / Topical

2023 · Sahoo — Hydrogen-producing Photocatalyst at Sunscreen for Athletes in Preventing and Healing Muscle-nerve-skin Injuries

Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Bath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2022 · Chen et al. — Photocatalytic Glucose Depletion and Hydrogen Generation for Diabetic Wound Healing

Nature communications
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationBath / Topical

2022 · Yamamoto et al. — Development of a Model System for Gas Cavity Formation Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Implantation

ACS biomaterials science & engineering
2021 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationBath / Topical

2021 · Hartjen — Toward Tailoring the Degradation Rate of Magnesium-Based Biomaterials for Various Medical Applications: Assessing Corrosion, Cytocompatibility and Immunological Effects

International journal of molecular sciences
2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Bath / Topical

2019 · Meng — Hyperoxygenated Hydrogen-Rich Solution Suppresses Lung Injury Induced by Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats.

The Journal of surgical research
2017 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IVBath / Topical

2017 · Zhao — Changes in IL-4 and IL-13 Expression in Allergic Rhinitis Treated with Hydrogen-Rich Saline in a Guinea-Pig Model

Allergologia et immunopathologia
2014 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationBath / Topical

2014 · Chen — Controlling initial biodegradation of magnesium by a biocompatible strontium phosphate conversion coating

Acta biomaterialia
2012 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationBath / Topical

2012 · Baxter et al. — Evaluation of outgassing, tear strength, and detail reproduction in alginate substitute materials.

Operative dentistry
2012 Mechanism / Preclinical Bath / Topical

2012 · Kato et al. — Hydrogen-rich electrolyzed warm water represses wrinkle formation against UVA ray together with type-I collagen production and oxidative-stress diminishment in fibroblasts and cell-injury prevention in keratinocytes.

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology
2011 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationBath / Topical

2011 · Gao — Fabrication and Characterization of Bioactive Composite Coatings on Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by MAO/Sol-Gel

Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine