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Saline / IV

Hydrogen-rich saline: H₂ dissolved in saline and given by infusion or injection. Allows defined doses, but appears almost only in clinical settings and animal models.

Human studies on molecular hydrogen given by Saline / IV. This page collects the 66 studies using this route — 6 randomized trials, 8 pilot/observational studies and 18 reviews. Listed newest first.

2026 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2026 · Nguyen — Advances in hydrogen delivery strategies for therapeutic applications

Advanced drug delivery reviews

2023 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2023 · Kuo — Molecular Hydrogen: Emerging Treatment for Stroke Management

Chemical Research in Toxicology

2023 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Bath / Topical Drinking (HRW)

2023 · Saengsin et al. — Hydrogen Therapy as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention in Heart Disease: From the Past Evidence to Future Application

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

2023 Review / Meta-analysis Saline / IV

2023 · Wong — A potential clinical application of hydrogen-rich saline in postoperative care

Journal of pediatric surgery

2021 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Bath / Topical Drinking (HRW)

2021 · Quan — Protective effects of molecular hydrogen on lung injury from lung transplantation.

Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)

2021 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV

2021 · Sano et al. — Hydrogen Gas Therapy: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials.

Current pharmaceutical design

2021 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2021 · Ostojic — Hydrogen Gas as an Exotic Performance-Enhancing Agent: Challenges and Opportunities

Current pharmaceutical design

2019 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2019 · LeBaron et al. — A New Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders. Molecular Hydrogen Significantly Reduces the Effects of Oxidative Stress.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2019 Review / Meta-analysis Saline / IV

2019 · Wang et al. — Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: emerging therapeutic strategies based on pathophysiologic phases of the injury.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

2018 Review / Meta-analysis Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2018 · Chen — Research progress of hydrogen-rich saline for eye diseases.

[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology

2017 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2017 · Iketani — Molecular Hydrogen as a Neuroprotective Agent

Current Neuropharmacology

2016 Review / Meta-analysis Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2016 · Iida — The Clinical Application of Hydrogen as a Medical Treatment

Acta medica Okayama

2015 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Bath / Topical Drinking (HRW)

2015 · Ohta — Molecular hydrogen as a novel antioxidant: overview of the advantages of hydrogen for medical applications.

Methods in enzymology

2014 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Bath / Topical Drinking (HRW)

2014 · Ohta — Molecular hydrogen as a preventive and therapeutic medical gas: initiation, development and potential of hydrogen medicine.

Pharmacology & therapeutics

2014 Review / Meta-analysis Saline / IV

2014 · Fernández-Gajardo et al. — Novel therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury: acute antioxidant reinforcement.

CNS drugs

2013 Review / Meta-analysis Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2013 · Qian — Hydrogen as a new class of radioprotective agent

International journal of biological sciences

2012 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Bath / Topical Drinking (HRW)

2012 · Ohta — Molecular hydrogen is a novel antioxidant to efficiently reduce oxidative stress with potential for the improvement of mitochondrial diseases.

Biochimica et biophysica acta

2011 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation Saline / IV Bath / Topical Drinking (HRW)

2011 · Ohta — Recent progress toward hydrogen medicine: potential of molecular hydrogen for preventive and therapeutic applications.

Current pharmaceutical design

2021 RCT Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2021 · Takeuchi — Intravenous Hydrogen Therapy With Intracisternal Magnesium Sulfate Infusion in Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Stroke

2020 RCT Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV Bath / Topical

2020 · Jin — Changes of nasal nitric oxide in the treatment of allergic rhinitis with hydrogen-rich saline lavage of nasal cavity

Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi (Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery)

2018 RCT Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV Bath / Topical

2018 · Jin — Clinical Study of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Allergic Rhinitis

Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery

2017 RCT Human H₂ therapy Inhalation Saline / IV

2017 · Ono et al. — Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Treatment in Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study on Safety and Neuroprotection.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

2014 RCT Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2014 · Takeuchi et al. — Effects of intravenous hydrogen-rich fluid combined with intra-cisternal magnesium sulfate in severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BMC neurology

2014 RCT Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2014 · Ishibashi et al. — Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

International immunopharmacology

2026 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2026 · Xu et al. — Hydrogen-Enriched Hyaluronic Acid Dressing Ameliorates Diabetic Foot Ulcer via Promoting Mitophagy

Journal of diabetes

2026 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2026 · Lin et al. — Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Modulates T Cell Markers and Reduces Anti-Ro Antibody in Refractory Oral Ulcers of Behçet's Disease and Sjögren's Syndrome: A Case Report

In vivo (Athens, Greece)

2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2025 · Kuang et al. — Hydrogen-Rich Saline Combined With Vacuum Sealing Drainage Promotes Wound Healing by Altering Biotin Metabolism

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2025 · Lin et al. — Precision Assessment of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report on Integrating Clinical Course, Immunophenotyping, and Comprehensive Symptomatology in a Pediatric Patient With Adjunctive Hydrogen Therapy

In vivo (Athens, Greece)

2024 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation Saline / IV

2024 · Mu — Hydrogen regulated pyroptosis through NLRP3-GSDMD pathway to improve airway mucosal oxidative stress injury induced by endotracheal tube cuff compression.

Free radical biology & medicine

2022 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2022 · Benjamin — A potential clinical application of hydrogen-rich saline in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Journal of pediatric surgery

2017 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Saline / IV

2017 · Qian et al. — Therapeutic effects of hydrogen on chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine

2015 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2015 · Ishibashi et al. — Improvement of psoriasis-associated arthritis and skin lesions by treatment with molecular hydrogen: A report of three cases.

Molecular medicine reports

2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Jingxuan — Four-dimensional Data Independent Acquisition Proteomics and Metabolomics Reveal Mechanisms of Hydrogen-rich Water at Zusanli (ST36) Point against Triple-negative Breast Cancer in Mice

Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan

2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2025 · Wang — Effect of hydrogen-rich saline on melanopsin after acute blue light-induced retinal damage in rats

Photochemistry and Photobiology

2024 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2024 · Chen — Hydrogen-rich water alleviates constipation by attenuating oxidative stress through the sirtuin1/nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway.

World journal of gastroenterology

2024 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV

2024 · Cui et al. — Molecular Hydrogen Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Mice by Promoting Autophagy

BMC anesthesiology

2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV

2023 · Aokage — Attenuation of pulmonary damage in aged lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mice through continuous 2 % hydrogen gas inhalation: A potential therapeutic strategy for geriatric inflammation and survival

Experimental gerontology

2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2023 · Dumbuya — Hydrogen-rich saline regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy rat model

International immunopharmacology

2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2023 · Guo — Hydrogen suppresses oxidative stress by inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in preeclampsia

Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University

2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2022 · Li — Local Treatment of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Promotes Wound Healing In Vivo by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress via Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV

2022 · Ge — Microbial hydrogen economy alleviates colitis by reprogramming colonocyte metabolism and reinforcing intestinal barrier

Gut microbes

2020 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2020 · Lu — Molecular hydrogen regulates PTEN-AKT-mTOR signaling via ROS to alleviate peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

2020 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2020 · Jiao — Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline against experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy via activation of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in rats.

Molecular medicine reports

2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2019 · Kou et al. — Acid-responsive H₂-releasing Fe nanoparticles for safe and effective cancer therapy.

Journal of materials chemistry. B

2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2019 · Fan — Acid-Responsive H₂-Releasing 2D MgB₂ Nanosheet for Therapeutic Synergy and Side Effect Attenuation of Gastric Cancer Chemotherapy.

Advanced healthcare materials

2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV

2019 · Yan — Hydrogen gas inhalation attenuates sepsis-induced liver injury in a FUNDC1-dependent manner.

International immunopharmacology

2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2018 · Nakayama — Translational Research of Peritoneal Dialysis Solution with Dissolved Molecular Hydrogen

Contributions to nephrology

2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV

2018 · Wan — An In Situ Depot for Continuous Evolution of Gaseous H₂ Mediated by a Magnesium Passivation/Activation Cycle for Treating Osteoarthritis

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2018 · Jiang — Therapeutic efficacy of hydrogen-rich saline alone and in combination with PI3K inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer

Molecular medicine reports

2017 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV

2017 · Watanabe — Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Muscular Damage Using a Mouse Hindlimb Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Model

Plastic and reconstructive surgery

2017 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV Bath / Topical

2017 · Zhao — Changes in IL-4 and IL-13 Expression in Allergic Rhinitis Treated with Hydrogen-Rich Saline in a Guinea-Pig Model

Allergologia et immunopathologia

2017 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2017 · Li — Protective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen on Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis in Rabbits via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2016 · Qin — Hydrogen-Rich Saline as an Innovative Therapy for Cataract: A Hypothesis

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research

2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2016 · Yang — Effects of hydrogen-rich medium on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction of human colon carcinoma cells

Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue

2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2016 · Du — Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation via Activating p53-Mediated Autophagy

Transplantation

2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2016 · Zhang — Treatment with Hydrogen-Rich Saline Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Neurochemical research

2015 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2015 · Hattori et al. — Maternal molecular hydrogen treatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced rat fetal lung injury.

Free radical research

2014 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2011 · Chuai — A Possible Prevention Strategy of Radiation Pneumonitis: Combine Radiotherapy with Aerosol Inhalation of Hydrogen-Rich Solution

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research

2010 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2010 · Qian — The hypothesis of an effective safe and novel radioprotective agent: hydrogen-rich solution.

The West Indian medical journal

2010 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

2010 · Liu — Oral administration of mannitol may be an effective treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Medical hypotheses

1999 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV Drinking (HRW)

1999 · Ishikawa — A preventive effect of a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist, S-0139, on the erythropoietin-induced reduction of the renal cortical blood flow.

Urological research

1999 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation Saline / IV

1999 · Tamori — Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and capsaicin-sensitive afferents in central thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced hepatic hyperemia.

European journal of pharmacology