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Metabolic

Metabolism and energy balance (for example blood lipids, mitochondrial function), assessed through metabolic markers.

Human studies on molecular hydrogen for Metabolic. This page collects the 87 studies catalogued in this area — 11 randomized trials, 18 pilot/observational studies and 24 reviews. Listed newest first.

2026 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2026 · Seneff — The essential role of hydrogen gas recycling by gut microbes in reducing deuterium load in host mitochondria: is trimethylamine oxide a deuterium sensor?

Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society
2025 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2025 · Zhu — Molecular mechanisms associated with effects of hydrogen molecule in liver diseases: the review of current evidence

European journal of medical research
2025 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Bjørklund — Advanced Glycation End Products and Skin Autoimmune Disorders: Pathogenic Insights into Vitiligo, Bullous Pemphigoid, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Current medicinal chemistry
2025 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Meng — Oral Administration of Hydrogen-rich Water: Biomedical Activities, Potential Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications

Current pharmaceutical design
2024 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2024 · Slezák — New Possibilities of the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Pathologies: The Potential of Molecular Hydrogen in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress

Physiological research
2024 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2024 · Xu — The Landscape of Smart Biomaterial-Based Hydrogen Therapy

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
2024 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2024 · Tsuzuki — Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Review Focused on the Contribution of Vascular Pathologies

Auris, nasus, larynx
2024 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2024 · Chen — The Role of Hydrogen in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease

European journal of pharmacology
2023 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2023 · Bellucci et al. — Novel Therapeutic Approaches Based on the Pathological Role of Gut Dysbiosis on the Link Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
2021 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2021 · Oren — Amyloid β structural polymorphism, associated toxicity and therapeutic strategies.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
2021 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2021 · Schönfeld — How the brain fights fatty acids' toxicity.

Neurochemistry international
2021 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2021 · Ohta — Direct Targets and Subsequent Pathways for Molecular Hydrogen to Exert Multiple Functions: Focusing on Interventions in Radical Reactions

Current pharmaceutical design
2021 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2021 · Ostojic — Hydrogen as a Potential Therapeutic in Obesity: Targeting the Brain

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM
2021 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2021 · Slezak et al. — Oxidative Stress and Pathways of Molecular Hydrogen Effects in Medicine

Current pharmaceutical design
2020 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2020 · Benoit — Molecular Hydrogen Metabolism: a Widespread Trait of Pathogenic Bacteria and Protists

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
2019 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2019 · Kura et al. — Molecular hydrogen: potential in mitigating oxidative-stress-induced radiation injury.

Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
2019 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2019 · Tao et al. — Molecular hydrogen: current knowledge on mechanism in alleviating free radical damage and diseases.

Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica
2018 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2018 · Zhang — Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside

Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology
2018 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2018 · Hylemon — Metabolism of hydrogen gases and bile acids in the gut microbiome

FEBS letters
2016 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2016 · Zheng — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Ameliorates Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2013 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2013 · Schönfeld — Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy? Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
2013 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2013 · Lucas — Role of the Toll Like receptor (TLR) radical cycle in chronic inflammation: possible treatments targeting the TLR4 pathway

Molecular neurobiology
2012 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2012 · Ohno et al. — Molecular hydrogen as an emerging therapeutic medical gas for neurodegenerative and other diseases.

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
1996 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

1996 · Mehta — Magnetization Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Clinical Review

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI
2025 RCT Human H₂ therapy InhalationBath / Topical

2025 · Grepl — Molecular hydrogen inhalation modulates resting metabolism in healthy females: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study

Medical Gas Research
2025 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Kuzmanovic — The effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water for six weeks on exercise-related biomarkers in exercise-naïve men and women over 50 years following resistance training program: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Research in Sports Medicine
2025 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Todorovic — The Effects of 8-Week Hydrogen-Rich Water Consumption on Appetite, Body Composition, Sleep Quality, and Circulating Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Obese Men and Women (HYDRAPPET): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Medicina (Kaunas)
2022 RCT Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2022 · Tao — A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
2021 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2021 · Zanini — The effects of 6-month hydrogen-rich water intake on molecular and phenotypic biomarkers of aging in older adults aged 70 years and over: A randomized controlled pilot trial

Experimental Gerontology
2020 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2020 · Sim — Hydrogen-rich water reduces inflammatory responses and prevents apoptosis of peripheral blood cells in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Scientific Reports
2020 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2020 · Hori — Two-week continuous supplementation of hydrogen-rich water increases peak oxygen uptake during an incremental cycling exercise test in healthy humans: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Medical Gas Research
2019 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2019 · Korovljev et al. — Hydrogen-rich water reduces liver fat accumulation and improves liver enzyme profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology
2018 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2018 · Korovljev — Molecular Hydrogen Affects Body Composition, Metabolic Profiles, and Mitochondrial Function in Middle-Aged Overweight Women

Irish journal of medical science
2008 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2008 · Kajiyama — Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance

Nutrition Research
1998 RCT

1998 · Poppitt et al. — Energy expenditure and net substrate utilization in men ingesting usual and high amounts of nonstarch polysaccharides

The American journal of clinical nutrition
2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2025 · Kotenko et al. — Biochemical Markers of Stress in Medical Workers With Occupational Burnout Syndrome and Their Dynamics Under Physiotherapeutic Factors

Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury
2025 Pilot / Observational

2025 · Misnikova et al. — Hydrogen and Methane Detection in Breath in Response to Two Different Types of Dietary Fiber and Its Relationship to Postprandial Glucose Concentration in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Normoglycemic Subjects

Nutrients
2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2025 · Nakayama et al. — Hemodialysis Employing Molecular Hydrogen (H₂) Enriched Dialysis Solution May Improve Dialysis-Related Fatigue Through Impact on Energy Metabolism

Scientific reports
2024 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2024 · Dong — Hydrogen-Rich Gas Enhanced Sprint-Interval Performance: Metabolomic Insights into Underlying Mechanisms

Nutrients
2024 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2024 · Lu — Using oral molecular hydrogen supplements to combat microinflammation in humans: a pilot observational study

International Journal of Medical Sciences
2024 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2024 · Xie — A novel intervention of molecular hydrogen on the unbalance of the gut microbiome in opioid addiction: Experimental and human studies.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
2023 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2023 · Korovljev — Hydrogen-rich water upregulates fecal propionic acid levels in overweight adults.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
2022 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2022 · Zhao — Effectiveness and safety of hydrogen inhalation as an adjunct treatment in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: A retrospective, observational, double-arm, real-life clinical study

Frontiers in Endocrinology
2021 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2021 · Danilova — Application of Molecular Hydrogen in Heart Surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine
2021 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2021 · Si — Effects of hydrogen as adjuvant treatment for unstable angina

Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
2020 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2020 · Hori et al. — Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Medical gas research
2019 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Bath / TopicalDrinking (HRW)

2019 · Asada et al. — Effects of hydrogen-rich water bath on visceral fat and skin blotch, with boiling-resistant hydrogen bubbles.

Medical gas research
2013 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2013 · Song et al. — Hydrogen-rich water decreases serum LDL-cholesterol levels and improves HDL function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome.

Journal of lipid research
2010 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2010 · Nakao — Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome - an open label pilot study

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
2010 Pilot / Observational

2010 · Iida et al. — Failure of D-Psicose Absorbed in the Small Intestine to Metabolize into Energy and Its Low Large Intestinal Fermentability in Humans

Metabolism: clinical and experimental
2006 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2006 · Huang et al. — Electrolyzed-Reduced Water Reduced Hemodialysis-Induced Erythrocyte Impairment in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients

Kidney international
2003 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2003 · Huang — Reduced hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease patients by electrolyzed reduced water.

Kidney international
1991 Pilot / Observational

1991 · Slemenda et al. — No evidence for an effect of lactase deficiency on bone mass in pre- or postmenopausal women

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2025 · Zhang — Hydrogen attenuates the senescence of adipose-derived stem cells and enhances their myogenic differentiation via modulation of the PRDX6/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Human & experimental toxicology
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2025 · Lu — Dietary addition of magnesium hydride nanoparticles: a breakthrough in combating high-fat diet-induced chronic kidney disease.

Medical gas research
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationDrinking (HRW)

2025 · Liu — Hydrogen-induced disruption of the airway mucus barrier enhances nebulized RNA delivery to reverse pulmonary fibrosis.

Science advances
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2025 · Tian — Molecular hydrogen attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism

Molecular Biology Reports
2024 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2024 · Tumurbaatar — The effect of hydrogen gas on the oxidative stress response in adipose tissue.

Scientific reports
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2023 · Agar — The Inhibition Mechanism of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via LXR Receptors: A Multifaceted Approach Integrating Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and Post-MD Inter-Molecular Contact Analysis

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2023 · Liu — Hydrogen gas ameliorates acute alcoholic liver injury via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and regulation of intestinal microbiota

International immunopharmacology
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2023 · Iketani — H₂-induced transient upregulation of phospholipids with suppression of energy metabolism

Medical gas research
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2023 · Yang — Molecular Hydrogen Promotes Adipose-derived Stem Cell Myogenic Differentiation via Regulation of Mitochondria

Current stem cell research & therapy
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2022 · Ostojic — Hydrogen-Rich Water as a Dietary Activator of Brown Adipose Tissue and UCP1?

Annals of nutrition & metabolism
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2022 · Catlett — Metabolic Synergy between Human Symbionts Bacteroides and Methanobrevibacter

Microbiology spectrum
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2022 · Li — Local Treatment of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Promotes Wound Healing In Vivo by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress via Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationDrinking (HRW)

2022 · Adzavon — Long-term and daily use of molecular hydrogen induces reprogramming of liver metabolism in rats by modulating NADP/NADPH redox pathways

Scientific reports
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IV

2022 · Ge — Microbial hydrogen economy alleviates colitis by reprogramming colonocyte metabolism and reinforcing intestinal barrier

Gut microbes
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2022 · Liu — In vivo microelectrode monitoring of real-time hydrogen concentration in different tissues of rats after inhaling hydrogen gas

Medical gas research
2021 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2021 · Li et al. — Hydrogen-rich water attenuates the radiotoxicity induced by tritium exposure in vitro and in vivo

Journal of radiation research
2020 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2020 · Echeverry-Rendon — Interaction of Different Cell Types with Magnesium Modified by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
2020 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationDrinking (HRW)

2020 · Ruaud — Syntrophy via Interspecies H₂ Transfer between Christensenella and Methanobrevibacter Underlies Their Global Cooccurrence in the Human Gut.

mBio
2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2019 · Yamasaki — Effects of hydrogen-rich water in a rat model of polycystic kidney disease.

PloS one
2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2018 · Jackson — Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water, in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model

World journal of gastroenterology
2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2018 · Begum — Molecular hydrogen may enhance the production of testosterone hormone in male infertility through hormone signal modulation and redox balance

Medical hypotheses
2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2018 · Perisin — Human gut microbe co-cultures have greater potential than monocultures for food waste remediation to commodity chemicals

Scientific reports
2017 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2017 · Li — Protective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen on Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis in Rabbits via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

BMC musculoskeletal disorders
2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2016 · Qin — Hydrogen-Rich Saline as an Innovative Therapy for Cataract: A Hypothesis

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2016 · Wolf — H₂ metabolism is widespread and diverse among human colonic microbes

Gut microbes
2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2016 · Iuchi — Molecular Hydrogen Regulates Gene Expression by Modifying the Free Radical Chain Reaction-Dependent Generation of Oxidized Phospholipid Mediators

Scientific reports
2015 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2015 · Song et al. — Molecular hydrogen stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque in low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice.

Free radical biology & medicine
2012 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2012 · Wong et al. — A hydrogen gas-water equilibration method produces accurate and precise stable hydrogen isotope ratio measurements in nutrition studies.

The Journal of nutrition
2011 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationDrinking (HRW)

2011 · Schoenfeld — Hydrogen Therapy May Reduce the Risks Related to Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Space Flight

Medical hypotheses
2009 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2009 · Kajiya — Hydrogen mediates suppression of colon inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications
2004 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2004 · Yu et al. — Studies on human breast cancer tissues with Raman microspectroscopy

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu
1999 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IVDrinking (HRW)

1999 · Ishikawa — A preventive effect of a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist, S-0139, on the erythropoietin-induced reduction of the renal cortical blood flow.

Urological research
1989 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

1989 · Heizmann — GasPak Plus versus Anaerocult A — two carbon dioxide/hydrogen systems for cultivation of anaerobes.

Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology
1987 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

1987 · Wong — Deuterium and oxygen-18 measurements on microliter samples of urine, plasma, saliva, and human milk.

The American journal of clinical nutrition