Metabolic
Metabolism and energy balance (for example blood lipids, mitochondrial function), assessed through metabolic markers. Around 87 papers touch on this topic, including about 11 randomized controlled trials and around 18 pilot and observational studies in humans, supplemented by reviews and preclinical investigations.
The studies mainly examined hydrogen-rich water (HRW), mostly in metabolic syndrome, overweight or elevated blood lipids. Endpoints included cholesterol and triglyceride values, blood sugar, body weight, inflammation and oxidation markers as well as indicators of mitochondrial function.
Several early studies describe favorable shifts in individual lipid and metabolic markers; the findings are, however, heterogeneous and the studies small and short. Overall the evidence remains preliminary — a reliable, clinically relevant metabolic effect has not so far been established.
Human studies on molecular hydrogen for Metabolic. This page collects the 87 studies catalogued in this area — 11 randomized trials, 18 pilot/observational studies and 24 reviews. Listed newest first.
2026 · Seneff — The essential role of hydrogen gas recycling by gut microbes in reducing deuterium load in host mitochondria: is trimethylamine oxide a deuterium sensor?
This hypothesis paper proposes that the gut microbiome's recycling of molecular hydrogen plays a role in keeping mitochondria supplied with deuterium-depleted water — and that TMAO (a gut-derived metabolite elevated in many chronic diseases) may function as a marker for impaired deuterium management.
2025 · Zhu — Molecular mechanisms associated with effects of hydrogen molecule in liver diseases: the review of current evidence
Oxidative stress and inflammation drive liver disease progression from inflammation to fibrosis and cancer — this review summarises how molecular hydrogen selectively neutralises harmful free radicals and modulates inflammatory signalling to potentially slow this cascade.
2025 · Bjørklund — Advanced Glycation End Products and Skin Autoimmune Disorders: Pathogenic Insights into Vitiligo, Bullous Pemphigoid, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) — toxic compounds formed under high blood sugar — trigger oxidative stress and autoimmune responses that can cause skin diseases such as vitiligo and bullous pemphigoid in Type 1 Diabetes.
2025 · Meng — Oral Administration of Hydrogen-rich Water: Biomedical Activities, Potential Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications
Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) reduces oxidative stress, modulates inflammation, regulates metabolism, and protects mitochondrial function — this comprehensive review surveys both laboratory evidence and clinical applications of orally consumed HRW.
2024 · Slezák — New Possibilities of the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Pathologies: The Potential of Molecular Hydrogen in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress
This review examines molecular hydrogen (H₂) as a selective antioxidant with particular promise for cardiovascular disease, where oxidative stress plays a defining role.
2024 · Xu — The Landscape of Smart Biomaterial-Based Hydrogen Therapy
This comprehensive review maps the rapidly evolving field of biomaterial-based H₂ delivery systems — engineered materials that can carry, target, and release molecular hydrogen precisely where disease processes occur.
2024 · Tsuzuki — Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Review Focused on the Contribution of Vascular Pathologies
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) — an abrupt hearing loss of unknown cause, sometimes with vertigo — is believed to be primarily driven by vascular impairment of the inner ear, including cochlear ischemia and infarction.
2024 · Chen — The Role of Hydrogen in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) — the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide — is driven by chronic inflammation and oxidative lipid deposition in arterial walls.
2021 · Oren — Amyloid β structural polymorphism, associated toxicity and therapeutic strategies.
This comprehensive review covers the many different structural forms (polymorphs) of amyloid-β (Aβ) — the protein fragment central to Alzheimer's disease — how they form, why some are more toxic than others, and what therapeutic strategies are being pursued to interfere with their aggregation.
2021 · Schönfeld — How the brain fights fatty acids' toxicity.
This review explains why neurons, unlike most other cells, avoid using fatty acids as fuel — and describes the multiple biological strategies the brain has evolved to protect itself against lipotoxicity.
2021 · Ohta — Direct Targets and Subsequent Pathways for Molecular Hydrogen to Exert Multiple Functions: Focusing on Interventions in Radical Reactions
Molecular hydrogen (H₂) is not simply a passive antioxidant — it actively intervenes in radical chain reactions, modifying lipid peroxides and downstream signaling cascades.
2021 · Ostojic — Hydrogen as a Potential Therapeutic in Obesity: Targeting the Brain
This short review considers whether molecular H₂ could act directly on brain structures involved in obesity regulation — particularly the hypothalamus.
2021 · Slezak et al. — Oxidative Stress and Pathways of Molecular Hydrogen Effects in Medicine
This review explains why molecular hydrogen (H₂) has unique advantages over conventional antioxidants: it selectively neutralises the most damaging reactive oxygen species while leaving beneficial ones intact.
2020 · Benoit — Molecular Hydrogen Metabolism: a Widespread Trait of Pathogenic Bacteria and Protists
Over 200 known pathogens carry genes for hydrogenases — enzymes that let bacteria consume or produce H₂ gas as part of their energy metabolism.
2019 · Kura et al. — Molecular hydrogen: potential in mitigating oxidative-stress-induced radiation injury.
Molecular hydrogen (H₂) may help protect against radiation-induced oxidative damage by activating the body's own antioxidant defence systems — particularly the Nrf2 pathway — and reducing lipid peroxidation.
2019 · Tao et al. — Molecular hydrogen: current knowledge on mechanism in alleviating free radical damage and diseases.
Since molecular hydrogen was identified as a hydroxyl radical scavenger in 2007, beneficial effects have been documented in over 170 disease models and human conditions.
2018 · Zhang — Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside
This review summarises a decade of H₂ research in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases — from animal models to early clinical trials.
2018 · Hylemon — Metabolism of hydrogen gases and bile acids in the gut microbiome
This review examines how gut bacteria produce and consume molecular hydrogen (H₂) during fermentation, and how these processes interact with bile acid metabolism.
2016 · Zheng — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Ameliorates Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis
This review summarises animal-based evidence suggesting that molecular hydrogen can reduce inflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress, and organ damage in sepsis models, improving survival rates across brain, lung, liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues.
2013 · Schönfeld — Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy? Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain
The brain almost exclusively uses glucose rather than fatty acids as fuel — this review explains why: fatty acid oxidation in neurons generates more oxidative stress, demands more oxygen, and produces ATP more slowly than glucose oxidation.
2013 · Lucas — Role of the Toll Like receptor (TLR) radical cycle in chronic inflammation: possible treatments targeting the TLR4 pathway
Activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway — triggered by environmental factors such as ozone, particulate matter, ionizing radiation, and LPS from bacteria — may underlie a wide spectrum of chronic inflammatory and neuropsychiatric diseases.
2012 · Ohno et al. — Molecular hydrogen as an emerging therapeutic medical gas for neurodegenerative and other diseases.
This review surveys the research on molecular hydrogen (H₂) across 63 disease models and human diseases documented in the four and a half years after the landmark 2007 Nature Medicine paper.
1996 · Mehta — Magnetization Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Clinical Review
Magnetization transfer (MT) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that exploits the interaction between free water protons and protons bound to macromolecules — providing tissue contrast that reveals structural integrity beyond conventional T1, T2, and proton-density images.
2025 · Kuzmanovic — The effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water for six weeks on exercise-related biomarkers in exercise-naïve men and women over 50 years following resistance training program: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Hydrogen-rich water supports strength training from 50 on: In a randomized, double-blind pilot RCT (n = 27, age ~58 yrs), 6 weeks of H₂ water lowered markers of acute muscle damage significantly more than placebo, improved the blood lipid profile (total and LDL cholesterol ↓) and raised free testosterone (all p ≤ 0.05).
2025 · Todorovic — The Effects of 8-Week Hydrogen-Rich Water Consumption on Appetite, Body Composition, Sleep Quality, and Circulating Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Obese Men and Women (HYDRAPPET): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Hydrogen-rich water curbs food cravings and raises the satiety hormone GLP-1 in obese people.
2022 · Tao — A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Hydrogen/oxygen inhalation improves blood lipid and liver values in non-alcoholic fatty liver — and measurably lowers liver fat content in moderate-to-severe cases.
2021 · Zanini — The effects of 6-month hydrogen-rich water intake on molecular and phenotypic biomarkers of aging in older adults aged 70 years and over: A randomized controlled pilot trial
6 months of hydrogen water (0.5 L/day, 15 ppm) in 40 people over 70 lengthened the telomeres (a marker of cell aging) and improved brain metabolism as well as leg strength (chair-stand test, P = 0.01) — while telomeres shortened in the control group.
2020 · Sim — Hydrogen-rich water reduces inflammatory responses and prevents apoptosis of peripheral blood cells in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Hydrogen-rich water dampens inflammatory responses and protects blood cells from cell death — in healthy adults.
2020 · Hori — Two-week continuous supplementation of hydrogen-rich water increases peak oxygen uptake during an incremental cycling exercise test in healthy humans: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Two weeks of daily hydrogen-rich water significantly increased peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) in healthy people in the cycle ergometer test.
2019 · Korovljev et al. — Hydrogen-rich water reduces liver fat accumulation and improves liver enzyme profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
In a double-blind crossover trial with 12 overweight NAFLD patients, 28 days of 1 L/day hydrogen-rich water significantly reduced liver fat measured by MRI (from 284 to 256.5 mM, –2.9 %) and tended to lower aspartate transaminase by 10 %, compared to placebo.
2018 · Korovljev — Molecular Hydrogen Affects Body Composition, Metabolic Profiles, and Mitochondrial Function in Middle-Aged Overweight Women
A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial in 10 overweight women found that hydrogen-generating mineral caplets significantly reduced body fat percentage and triglycerides while improving fasting insulin levels — without affecting body weight or BMI.
1998 · Poppitt et al. — Energy expenditure and net substrate utilization in men ingesting usual and high amounts of nonstarch polysaccharides
A high-fibre (nonstarch polysaccharide) diet produced no measurable thermogenic effect and no short-term change in body composition in healthy men.
2025 · Kotenko et al. — Biochemical Markers of Stress in Medical Workers With Occupational Burnout Syndrome and Their Dynamics Under Physiotherapeutic Factors
In 175 healthcare professionals diagnosed with occupational burnout syndrome, various non-drug physiotherapy interventions — including hydrogen therapy — were tested in a randomised design.
2025 · Misnikova et al. — Hydrogen and Methane Detection in Breath in Response to Two Different Types of Dietary Fiber and Its Relationship to Postprandial Glucose Concentration in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Normoglycemic Subjects
This study reveals a striking difference in gut-produced H₂ between people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolically healthy controls.
2025 · Nakayama et al. — Hemodialysis Employing Molecular Hydrogen (H₂) Enriched Dialysis Solution May Improve Dialysis-Related Fatigue Through Impact on Energy Metabolism
Fatigue is one of the most debilitating aspects of life on hemodialysis — and it remains largely unaddressed by standard care.
2024 · Dong — Hydrogen-Rich Gas Enhanced Sprint-Interval Performance: Metabolomic Insights into Underlying Mechanisms
Inhaling hydrogen-rich gas (HRG) for 60 minutes before a sprint-interval test improved late-stage anaerobic performance and reduced performance decline across sprints in healthy men.
2024 · Lu — Using oral molecular hydrogen supplements to combat microinflammation in humans: a pilot observational study
Solid oral hydrogen capsules lowered inflammation markers in chronically ill patients.
2024 · Xie — A novel intervention of molecular hydrogen on the unbalance of the gut microbiome in opioid addiction: Experimental and human studies.
Molecular hydrogen appears to reduce morphine-seeking behaviour in animal models and, in humans with opioid addiction, improved gut microbiome balance, reduced depression and anxiety symptoms — suggesting a gut-brain axis mechanism.
2023 · Korovljev — Hydrogen-rich water upregulates fecal propionic acid levels in overweight adults.
Drinking hydrogen-rich water appears to increase the concentration of propionic acid in the stool of overweight adults — a short-chain fatty acid associated with gut health and metabolic regulation.
2022 · Zhao — Effectiveness and safety of hydrogen inhalation as an adjunct treatment in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: A retrospective, observational, double-arm, real-life clinical study
Hydrogen inhalation as an adjunct improved blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes. In a large real-life study (n = 1,088), over 6 months the H₂ group lowered long-term blood sugar HbA1c more (−0.94% vs.
2021 · Danilova — Application of Molecular Hydrogen in Heart Surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass
During open-heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass, inhaling 1.5–2% hydrogen gas during anaesthesia reduced markers of lipid peroxidation (oxidative stress) compared to patients who did not receive H₂.
2021 · Si — Effects of hydrogen as adjuvant treatment for unstable angina
In 40 patients with unstable angina, adding hydrogen-rich water to standard drug therapy for three months reduced angina symptoms and produced greater reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B compared to standard treatment alone.
2020 · Hori et al. — Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
Inhaling 1 % H₂ gas during moderate-intensity cycling significantly increased breath acetone levels and oxygen uptake in ten healthy men — suggesting that H₂ promotes hepatic lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise.
2010 · Iida et al. — Failure of D-Psicose Absorbed in the Small Intestine to Metabolize into Energy and Its Low Large Intestinal Fermentability in Humans
This nutrition study uses breath hydrogen as a standard fermentation marker to assess the metabolic fate of d-psicose (a rare sugar) in humans — it is not an H₂ therapy study.
2006 · Huang et al. — Electrolyzed-Reduced Water Reduced Hemodialysis-Induced Erythrocyte Impairment in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
Six months of electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW) treatment in chronic hemodialysis patients reduced oxidative stress, improved red blood cell survival, and attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines — second only to vitamin C, and without its side effects.
2003 · Huang — Reduced hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease patients by electrolyzed reduced water.
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing chronic hemodialysis showed significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and improved antioxidant status after one month of drinking electrolyzed reduced water (ERW).
1991 · Slemenda et al. — No evidence for an effect of lactase deficiency on bone mass in pre- or postmenopausal women
In 342 adult female twins, lactase deficiency showed no detectable negative effect on bone mass at any skeletal site.
2025 · Zhang — Hydrogen attenuates the senescence of adipose-derived stem cells and enhances their myogenic differentiation via modulation of the PRDX6/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Stem cells derived from fat tissue age over time, limiting their potential for regenerative therapies — and hydrogen gas treatment can slow this ageing while simultaneously improving the cells' ability to differentiate into muscle tissue.
2025 · Lu — Dietary addition of magnesium hydride nanoparticles: a breakthrough in combating high-fat diet-induced chronic kidney disease.
A high-fat diet gradually damages the kidneys — and feeding mice magnesium hydride (MgH₂) nanoparticles, which release hydrogen gas continuously in the digestive tract, provided significant protection against this kidney damage by reducing fibrosis and inflammation.
2024 · Tumurbaatar — The effect of hydrogen gas on the oxidative stress response in adipose tissue.
Human fat tissue soaked in hydrogen-dissolved culture medium showed reduced markers of harmful oxidative stress and a trend toward smaller fat cell size.
2023 · Agar — The Inhibition Mechanism of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via LXR Receptors: A Multifaceted Approach Integrating Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and Post-MD Inter-Molecular Contact Analysis
A computational in-silico study investigated how natural compounds — Baicalein, Beta-Sitosterol, and Polydatin — might inhibit Liver X receptors (LXR), which play a role in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
2023 · Liu — Hydrogen gas ameliorates acute alcoholic liver injury via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and regulation of intestinal microbiota
In a mouse model of acute alcoholic liver disease, H₂ inhalation reduced liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and fat accumulation, while also improving the composition of the gut microbiota and strengthening the intestinal barrier.
2023 · Iketani — H₂-induced transient upregulation of phospholipids with suppression of energy metabolism
Short exposure to molecular hydrogen transiently shifts the lipid composition of neuroblastoma cells and temporarily suppresses their energy metabolism — a complex cellular response that hints at how H₂ may interact with cell membranes.
2023 · Yang — Molecular Hydrogen Promotes Adipose-derived Stem Cell Myogenic Differentiation via Regulation of Mitochondria
In cell culture experiments, exposing fat-tissue-derived stem cells to molecular hydrogen significantly improved their survival and their ability to differentiate into muscle cells — an effect linked to improved mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative stress.
2022 · Ostojic — Hydrogen-Rich Water as a Dietary Activator of Brown Adipose Tissue and UCP1?
This short theoretical communication poses the question of whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) could activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the thermogenic protein UCP1 — and thereby contribute to fat metabolism and energy expenditure.
2022 · Catlett — Metabolic Synergy between Human Symbionts Bacteroides and Methanobrevibacter
Two dominant gut microbes — Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the hydrogen-consuming archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii — form a mutual metabolic partnership that depends on hydrogen gas.
2022 · Li — Local Treatment of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Promotes Wound Healing In Vivo by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress via Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway
Applying hydrogen-rich saline directly to skin wounds in mice accelerated wound closure and reduced inflammation compared to regular saline, with the Nrf-2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway identified as the key mechanism.
2022 · Adzavon — Long-term and daily use of molecular hydrogen induces reprogramming of liver metabolism in rats by modulating NADP/NADPH redox pathways
Rats exposed to molecular hydrogen for six months — either by drinking hydrogen-rich water or inhaling 4 % H₂ gas — showed reduced fat accumulation in the liver, lower blood lipid levels, and broad metabolic changes driven by the NADP/NADPH redox system.
2022 · Ge — Microbial hydrogen economy alleviates colitis by reprogramming colonocyte metabolism and reinforcing intestinal barrier
In mice with experimentally induced acute colitis, hydrogen-rich saline administration reduced intestinal inflammation, increased beneficial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and strengthened the gut barrier.
2022 · Liu — In vivo microelectrode monitoring of real-time hydrogen concentration in different tissues of rats after inhaling hydrogen gas
Using implanted electrochemical microelectrodes, researchers measured hydrogen concentrations in seven different rat tissues in real time during and after inhalation of 4 %, 42 %, and 67 % H₂ gas.
2021 · Li et al. — Hydrogen-rich water attenuates the radiotoxicity induced by tritium exposure in vitro and in vivo
Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) reduces radioactive damage caused by tritiated water (HTO) — both in cultured human blood cells and in mice.
2020 · Ruaud — Syntrophy via Interspecies H₂ Transfer between Christensenella and Methanobrevibacter Underlies Their Global Cooccurrence in the Human Gut.
This microbiome study shows that gut bacteria of the genus Christensenella produce hydrogen gas (H₂) that is consumed by the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii — a metabolic partnership that explains why these two microbes co-occur globally and correlate with a lean body-mass index.
2019 · Yamasaki — Effects of hydrogen-rich water in a rat model of polycystic kidney disease.
In PCK rats — a rodent model of polycystic kidney disease — drinking hydrogen-rich water did not significantly reduce cyst growth compared to plain water when consumed in equivalent volumes.
2018 · Jackson — Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water, in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model
In mice fed a high-fat diet, only high-concentration hydrogen-rich water (0.8 mg H₂/L) — not electrolyzed-alkaline water with low H₂ (0.2 mg/L) — significantly reduced fat mass gain and liver lipid accumulation.
2018 · Begum — Molecular hydrogen may enhance the production of testosterone hormone in male infertility through hormone signal modulation and redox balance
This is a theoretical hypothesis paper proposing that molecular hydrogen (H₂) might improve testosterone production in male infertility by reducing oxidative stress and modulating intracellular signalling pathways.
2018 · Perisin — Human gut microbe co-cultures have greater potential than monocultures for food waste remediation to commodity chemicals
This computational study models how co-cultures of human gut bacteria convert food waste to useful chemicals (butanol, acetate, hydrogen gas, methane) more efficiently than monocultures.
2017 · Li — Protective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen on Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis in Rabbits via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
In rabbits given high-dose steroids, treatment with molecular hydrogen (injected intraperitoneally) reduced the incidence of bone death (osteonecrosis) from 68% to 29% by suppressing oxidative damage, vascular injury, and cell death (apoptosis).
2016 · Qin — Hydrogen-Rich Saline as an Innovative Therapy for Cataract: A Hypothesis
This paper proposes a theoretical rationale for using molecular hydrogen as an antioxidant to protect against cataract formation — based on H₂'s known ability to selectively neutralise damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS).
2016 · Wolf — H₂ metabolism is widespread and diverse among human colonic microbes
A large-scale genomic and metagenomic analysis shows that 70% of microbial species in the human colon encode genes for metabolising molecular hydrogen (H₂), and that electron-bifurcating fermentation — rather than respiratory H₂ oxidation — is the dominant mechanism of H₂ recycling in the gut.
2016 · Iuchi — Molecular Hydrogen Regulates Gene Expression by Modifying the Free Radical Chain Reaction-Dependent Generation of Oxidized Phospholipid Mediators
Molecular hydrogen (H₂) may regulate gene expression not by directly targeting DNA or transcription factors, but by modifying how oxidized phospholipids are produced through free radical chain reactions.
2015 · Song et al. — Molecular hydrogen stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque in low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice.
In atherosclerosis-prone mice, molecular hydrogen stabilized vulnerable plaque — increasing collagen content, reducing macrophage infiltration, and suppressing the endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative damage that drive plaque rupture.
2012 · Wong et al. — A hydrogen gas-water equilibration method produces accurate and precise stable hydrogen isotope ratio measurements in nutrition studies.
This analytical chemistry study validated a platinum-catalysed hydrogen gas–water equilibration method for measuring stable hydrogen isotope ratios (deuterium) in body fluids — used in nutrition research to measure body composition and energy expenditure.
2011 · Schoenfeld — Hydrogen Therapy May Reduce the Risks Related to Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Space Flight
This hypothesis paper proposes that astronauts exposed to cosmic radiation during space missions could benefit from H₂ therapy — via inhalation or hydrogen-rich drinking water — to counteract the oxidative and DNA damage caused by cosmic radiation.
2009 · Kajiya — Hydrogen mediates suppression of colon inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate.
In a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, adding molecular hydrogen (H₂) to drinking water significantly suppressed colon inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).
2004 · Yu et al. — Studies on human breast cancer tissues with Raman microspectroscopy
This in-vitro spectroscopy study uses Raman microspectroscopy to identify molecular differences between normal and malignant human breast tissue samples, finding changes in nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in cancer tissue.
1999 · Ishikawa — A preventive effect of a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist, S-0139, on the erythropoietin-induced reduction of the renal cortical blood flow.
This animal study in Wistar rats shows that erythropoietin (EPO) reduces renal cortical blood flow (RCBF) by triggering endothelin-1 release, and that the selective ET-A receptor antagonist S-0139 can prevent this reduction.
1989 · Heizmann — GasPak Plus versus Anaerocult A — two carbon dioxide/hydrogen systems for cultivation of anaerobes.
Two commercially available CO₂/H₂ gas-generating systems for culturing anaerobic bacteria were compared and found to be equally effective overall, though growth varied considerably between individual bacterial species.
1987 · Wong — Deuterium and oxygen-18 measurements on microliter samples of urine, plasma, saliva, and human milk.
Improved laboratory methods for measuring stable isotope ratios (deuterium/²H and ¹⁸O) in tiny biological fluid samples — down to 10 microliters — were developed and validated, enabling more precise studies of body composition and energy expenditure in humans.