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Liver

Liver conditions such as fatty liver (NAFLD), where H₂ is tested against liver and metabolic markers.

Human studies on molecular hydrogen for Liver. This page collects the 98 studies catalogued in this area — 4 randomized trials, 16 pilot/observational studies and 26 reviews. Listed newest first.

2026 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2026 · Seneff — The essential role of hydrogen gas recycling by gut microbes in reducing deuterium load in host mitochondria: is trimethylamine oxide a deuterium sensor?

Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society
2026 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2026 · Dumbuya — The protective effects of molecular hydrogen in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: current status.

European journal of pharmacology
2026 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2026 · Paparella — Medical Gases as Emerging Regulators of Paediatric Endocrine and Neurodevelopmental Pathways: A Mini-Review

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
2026 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2026 · Nguyen Puente — Emerging Clinical Applications for Molecular Hydrogen

Respiratory care
2026 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVDrinking (HRW)

2026 · Nguyen — Advances in hydrogen delivery strategies for therapeutic applications

Advanced drug delivery reviews
2026 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2026 · Pan — Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogen Production from Nanomaterials: Design, Regulation and Biomedical Applications

Advanced healthcare materials
2025 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2025 · Zhu — Molecular mechanisms associated with effects of hydrogen molecule in liver diseases: the review of current evidence

European journal of medical research
2025 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2025 · Li — Delivery of Molecular Hydrogen for Precision Immunomodulation: Mechanisms, Detection Methods, and Applications

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
2025 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Ye — Molecular hydrogen as a novel regulator of cellular pyroptosis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications

Molecular biology reports
2025 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2025 · Li — Application Trends of Hydrogen-generating Nanomaterials for the Treatment of ROS-related Diseases

Biomaterials science
2024 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2024 · Dhillon — Hydrogen Water: Extra Healthy or a Hoax?—A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2024 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2024 · Xu — The Landscape of Smart Biomaterial-Based Hydrogen Therapy

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
2023 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2023 · Bellucci et al. — Novel Therapeutic Approaches Based on the Pathological Role of Gut Dysbiosis on the Link Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
2021 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2021 · Shi et al. — Hydrogen treatment: a novel option in liver diseases.

Clinical medicine (London, England)
2021 Review / Meta-analysis InhalationSaline / IVDrinking (HRW)

2021 · Ostojic — Hydrogen Gas as an Exotic Performance-Enhancing Agent: Challenges and Opportunities

Current pharmaceutical design
2019 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2019 · Wu — Hydrogen Gas from Inflammation Treatment to Cancer Therapy

ACS nano
2018 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2018 · Zhang — Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside

Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology
2018 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2018 · Hylemon — Metabolism of hydrogen gases and bile acids in the gut microbiome

FEBS letters
2016 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2016 · Zheng — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Ameliorates Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2015 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2015 · Ostojic — Targeting molecular hydrogen to mitochondria: barriers and gateways.

Pharmacological research
2013 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2013 · Takaki — Multiple hits, including oxidative stress, as pathogenesis and treatment target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

International journal of molecular sciences
2012 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2012 · Chuai — Molecular hydrogen and radiation protection

Free Radical Research
2012 Review / Meta-analysis Drinking (HRW)

2012 · Ohno et al. — Molecular hydrogen as an emerging therapeutic medical gas for neurodegenerative and other diseases.

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2011 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

2011 · Zheng et al. — Hydrogen resuscitation, a new cytoprotective approach.

Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
2003 Review / Meta-analysis Unspecified

2003 · Maier — Availability and use of molecular hydrogen as an energy substrate for Helicobacter species

Microbes and infection
1998 Review / Meta-analysis Inhalation

1998 · Swart — ¹³C breath test in gastroenterological practice.

Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement
2025 RCT Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2025 · Shogenova — Efficiency and Safety of the Combined Use of Thermal Heliox, Nitric Oxide and Molecular Hydrogen in COPD Exacerbation with Respiratory Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in the Post-COVID Period

Terapevticheskii arkhiv
2022 RCT Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2022 · Tao — A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
2019 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2019 · Korovljev et al. — Hydrogen-rich water reduces liver fat accumulation and improves liver enzyme profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology
2013 RCT Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2013 · Xia et al. — Effect of hydrogen-rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Clinical and translational science
2026 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy InhalationBath / Topical

2025 · Moriya et al. — Hydrogen Inhalation Is Associated With a Transient Rightward Shift in Prefrontal Oxyhemoglobin Asymmetry and Autonomic Modulation

Scientific reports
2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2025 · Habet et al. — Hydrogen-FAST: Study Protocol for Inhaled Hydrogen Gas as Adjunctive Therapy in Refractory Cardiac Arrest (ECPR)

Trials
2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Tu et al. — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report on the Amelioration of Methotrexate-induced Myelosuppression and Immune Modulation

In vivo (Athens, Greece)
2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2025 · Tsai et al. — Molecular Hydrogen as an Adjuvant Therapy in Comorbid Sjögren's Syndrome, SLE, and ILD: A Case Report on Immune Modulation and Fatigue Reduction

In vivo (Athens, Greece)
2025 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2025 · Lin et al. — Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy for Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Elevated IgG4: A Case Report on Immune Marker Normalization

In vivo (Athens, Greece)
2023 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy TabletsDrinking (HRW)

2023 · Sumbalová — The Effect of Adjuvant Therapy with Molecular Hydrogen on Endogenous Coenzyme Q10 Levels and Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

International journal of molecular sciences
2021 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2021 · Kaibori — Effect of hydrogen gas inhalation on patient QOL after hepatectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Trials
2020 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2020 · Hori et al. — Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Medical gas research
2019 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Inhalation

2019 · Chen et al. — „Real world survey“ of hydrogen-controlled cancer: a follow-up report of 82 advanced cancer patients.

Medical gas research
2018 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2018 · Nakayama — Novel Haemodialysis Treatment Employing Molecular Hydrogen-Enriched Dialysis Solution Improves Prognosis of Chronic Dialysis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Scientific reports
2017 Pilot / Observational Human H₂ therapy Unspecified

2017 · Nakayama et al. — Possible clinical effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) delivery during hemodialysis in chronic dialysis patients: Interim analysis in a 12 month observation.

PloS one
2005 Pilot / Observational

2005 · Sobko et al. — Birth-Related Increase in Intracolonic Hydrogen Gas and Nitric Oxide as Indicator of Host-Microbial Interactions

Allergy
1990 Pilot / Observational

1990 · Makino — Measurement of Hepatic Blood Flow by the Hydrogen Gas Clearance Method: Experimental and Clinical Observations

Nihon Ika Daigaku zasshi
1987 Pilot / Observational

1987 · Leung et al. — Gastroduodenal Mucosal Hemodynamics by Endoscopic Reflectance Spectrophotometry

Gastrointestinal endoscopy
1984 Pilot / Observational

1984 · Toyama — Experimental and Clinical Studies on Esophago-Gastric Hemodynamics Before and After Devascularization for Esophageal Varices

Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi
1983 Pilot / Observational

1983 · Ishida — Laparoscopic measurement of pancreatic blood flow.

Endoscopy
2026 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2026 · Zhu — Self-Adaptive Hydrogen Nano-Delivery System in Glaucoma Management: Synergistic Antioxidation and Anti-inflammation Therapeutic Strategy

ACS nano
2026 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2026 · Zhao — Molecular hydrogen triggers TRPC4-TRPC4AP-dependent reversible calcium transients via extracellular influx

Theranostics
2026 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationDrinking (HRW)

2026 · Cao — A Hydrogen Generator Enhances Immunogenic Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
2026 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2026 · Liang — Synergistic Calcium Overload and Hydrogen Release Potentiate Robust Antitumor Immunity

Advanced healthcare materials
2026 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2026 · Jiao — Therapeutic Potential of Magnesium Diboride Nanosheets in PAH-Associated Right Heart Failure: Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Ferroptosis Suppression via LC3/ATG5/NCOA4/FTH1 Pathway

Free radical biology & medicine
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2025 · Negishi — The Rieske Iron-sulfur Protein Is a Primary Target of Molecular Hydrogen

Redox biology
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Bath / Topical

2025 · Zhu — Transdermal Hydrogen Therapy for Psoriasis Using Cavity-embedded Double-conical Microneedles

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Cao — Nanobiocatalyst-Driven Spatiotemporal Hydrogen Delivery Induces Dormancy Potentiated Catalytic Tumor Therapy.

ACS nano
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2025 · Liu — Local Delivery of Molecular Hydrogen by Fluorinated Zeolitic Imidazole Framework Nanosheets Boosts Cancer Immunotherapy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2025 · Qiu — 3D printing combined with pH-induced 4D printed iron(III)-oxidized starch gels for controlled iron delivery and enhanced iron supplementation.

Carbohydrate polymers
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2025 · Zhang — RNA-Seq Reveals the Mechanism of Synergistic Hydrogen-Chemotherapy Based on Active Magnesium Micromotors for Inhibiting Glioblastoma Recurrence by Modulating Tumor Microenvironment.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationDrinking (HRW)

2025 · Liu — Hydrogen-induced disruption of the airway mucus barrier enhances nebulized RNA delivery to reverse pulmonary fibrosis.

Science advances
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2025 · Mancebo — Performance of Unmodified Mechanical Ventilators With 2% Hydrogen Gas Mixtures.

Respiratory care
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2025 · Yang — Manganese Galvanic Cells Intervene in Tumor Metabolism to Reinforce cGAS-STING Activation for Bidirectional Synergistic Hydrogen-Immunotherapy.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2025 · Hu — Hydrogen-Generating Magnesium Alloy Seed Strand Sensitizes Solid Tumors to Iodine-125 Brachytherapy.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
2025 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2025 · Jiang — Engineering probiotic biohydrogen micro-factories to initiate reductive stress for boosting tumor vulnerability.

Biomaterials
2024 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2024 · Li — Modulating the Electronic Structure of MnNi₂S₃ Nanoelectrodes to Activate Pyroptosis for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen-Immunotherapy.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2023 · Agar — The Inhibition Mechanism of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via LXR Receptors: A Multifaceted Approach Integrating Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and Post-MD Inter-Molecular Contact Analysis

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2023 · Wu — Ultrasound-Driven Piezoelectrocatalytic Immunoactivation of Deep Tumor

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IV

2023 · Aokage — Attenuation of pulmonary damage in aged lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mice through continuous 2 % hydrogen gas inhalation: A potential therapeutic strategy for geriatric inflammation and survival

Experimental gerontology
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2023 · Liu — Hydrogen gas ameliorates acute alcoholic liver injury via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and regulation of intestinal microbiota

International immunopharmacology
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2023 · Zhu — Inorganic Nanosheet-Shielded Probiotics: A Self-Adaptable Oral Delivery System for Intestinal Disease Treatment

Nano letters
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2023 · Wang — pH-Responsive Delivery of H₂ through Ammonia Borane-Loaded Hollow Polydopamine for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
2023 Mechanism / Preclinical Bath / Topical

2023 · Sahoo — Hydrogen-producing Photocatalyst at Sunscreen for Athletes in Preventing and Healing Muscle-nerve-skin Injuries

Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationDrinking (HRW)

2022 · Adzavon — Long-term and daily use of molecular hydrogen induces reprogramming of liver metabolism in rats by modulating NADP/NADPH redox pathways

Scientific reports
2022 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2022 · Liu — In vivo microelectrode monitoring of real-time hydrogen concentration in different tissues of rats after inhaling hydrogen gas

Medical gas research
2021 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2021 · LeBaron et al. — An H₂-Infused, Nitric Oxide-Producing Functional Beverage as a Neuroprotective Agent for TBIs and Concussions

Journal of integrative neuroscience
2021 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2021 · Bai et al. — A PdMo Bimetallene with Precise Wavelength Adjustment and Catalysis for Synergistic Photothermal Ablation and Hydrogen Therapy of Cancer at Different Depths

Journal of materials chemistry. B
2021 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2021 · V — Investigations of Dianhydro-D-glucitol adsorbed on AuNPs surface: In silico and in vitro approach based on anticancer activity studies against A549 lung cancer cell lines

Journal of molecular recognition : JMR
2021 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2021 · Matsuura — Hydrogen Gas Therapy Attenuates Inflammatory Pathway Signaling in Septic Mice

The Journal of surgical research
2020 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2020 · Echeverry-Rendon — Interaction of Different Cell Types with Magnesium Modified by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2019 · Kou et al. — Acid-responsive H₂-releasing Fe nanoparticles for safe and effective cancer therapy.

Journal of materials chemistry. B
2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2019 · Bordoni — Positive Effect of an Electrolyzed Reduced Water on Gut Permeability, Fecal Microbiota and Liver in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease

PloS one
2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IVDrinking (HRW)

2019 · Fan — Acid-Responsive H₂-Releasing 2D MgB₂ Nanosheet for Therapeutic Synergy and Side Effect Attenuation of Gastric Cancer Chemotherapy.

Advanced healthcare materials
2019 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IV

2019 · Yan — Hydrogen gas inhalation attenuates sepsis-induced liver injury in a FUNDC1-dependent manner.

International immunopharmacology
2019 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2019 · Liu — In vitro and in vivo studies of Mg-30Sc alloys with different phase structure for potential usage within bone.

Acta biomaterialia
2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2018 · Jackson — Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water, in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model

World journal of gastroenterology
2018 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2018 · Tamaki — Hydrogen Flush After Cold Storage as a New End-Ischemic Ex Vivo Treatment for Liver Grafts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society
2018 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IV

2018 · Wan — An In Situ Depot for Continuous Evolution of Gaseous H₂ Mediated by a Magnesium Passivation/Activation Cycle for Treating Osteoarthritis

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
2017 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IV

2017 · Watanabe — Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Muscular Damage Using a Mouse Hindlimb Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Model

Plastic and reconstructive surgery
2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2016 · Wang — Hydrogen Metabolism in Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role in Gastric Carcinogenesis through Facilitating CagA Translocation

mBio
2016 Mechanism / Preclinical Saline / IV

2016 · Du — Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation via Activating p53-Mediated Autophagy

Transplantation
2015 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2015 · Ma et al. — Discovery of novel quinoline-based mTOR inhibitors via introducing intra-molecular hydrogen bonding scaffold (iMHBS): The design, synthesis and biological evaluation.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
2014 Mechanism / Preclinical Inhalation

2014 · Nazreen et al. — Thiazolidine-2,4-diones derivatives as PPAR-γ agonists: synthesis, molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity with hepatotoxicity risk evaluation.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters
2014 Mechanism / Preclinical Drinking (HRW)

2014 · Mano et al. — Maternal molecular hydrogen administration ameliorates rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by in utero ischemia-reperfusion.

Free radical biology & medicine
2014 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2014 · Reis et al. — Clusianone, a naturally occurring nemorosone regioisomer, uncouples rat liver mitochondria and induces HepG2 cell death.

Chemico-biological interactions
2012 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2012 · Chang et al. — Inhibition of hepatitis C virus NS5A by fluoro-olefin based γ-turn mimetics.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters
2011 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2011 · Lazzeroni — Production of Clinically Useful Positron Emitter Beams During Carbon Ion Deceleration

Physics in medicine and biology
2010 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IVDrinking (HRW)

2010 · Liu — Oral administration of mannitol may be an effective treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Medical hypotheses
2009 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2009 · Zhu — A novel antibody fragment targeting HAb18G/CD147 with cytotoxicity and decreased immunogenicity.

Cancer biology & therapy
2005 Mechanism / Preclinical Unspecified

2005 · Maier — Use of molecular hydrogen as an energy substrate by human pathogenic bacteria

Biochemical Society transactions
1999 Mechanism / Preclinical InhalationSaline / IV

1999 · Tamori — Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and capsaicin-sensitive afferents in central thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced hepatic hyperemia.

European journal of pharmacology