Liver
Liver conditions such as fatty liver (NAFLD), in which H₂ is tested against liver and metabolic markers. Around 98 papers touch on this topic, but the robust human evidence is limited: about 4 randomized controlled trials and around 16 pilot and observational studies, supplemented by reviews and a large share of preclinical investigations in animal and cell models.
In humans, the focus was mainly on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver-related metabolic markers. The studies mostly examined hydrogen-rich water (HRW), less often other delivery forms; endpoints included liver enzymes, liver fat content, blood lipids and markers of oxidative stress.
Some studies report favorable changes in liver and lipid values, others find no clear effects. Because of small participant numbers and short durations, the evidence remains preliminary and does not permit any statement about a therapeutic benefit in liver disease.
Human studies on molecular hydrogen for Liver. This page collects the 98 studies catalogued in this area — 4 randomized trials, 16 pilot/observational studies and 26 reviews. Listed newest first.
2026 · Seneff — The essential role of hydrogen gas recycling by gut microbes in reducing deuterium load in host mitochondria: is trimethylamine oxide a deuterium sensor?
This hypothesis paper proposes that the gut microbiome's recycling of molecular hydrogen plays a role in keeping mitochondria supplied with deuterium-depleted water — and that TMAO (a gut-derived metabolite elevated in many chronic diseases) may function as a marker for impaired deuterium management.
2026 · Dumbuya — The protective effects of molecular hydrogen in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: current status.
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) — brain dysfunction that develops during severe infections — currently has no specific approved therapy.
2026 · Paparella — Medical Gases as Emerging Regulators of Paediatric Endocrine and Neurodevelopmental Pathways: A Mini-Review
Gaseous signalling molecules — including molecular hydrogen (H₂), nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide — are increasingly recognised as modulators of the developing brain and endocrine system in children.
2026 · Nguyen Puente — Emerging Clinical Applications for Molecular Hydrogen
Inhaled molecular hydrogen (H₂) has accumulated a growing body of encouraging clinical findings across neurological, cardiovascular, oncological and respiratory conditions — yet the evidence base remains constrained by small study sizes, inconsistent methodology, and a lack of standardised delivery systems.
2026 · Nguyen — Advances in hydrogen delivery strategies for therapeutic applications
Molecular hydrogen (H₂) has selective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties — but getting it reliably to target tissues remains the central challenge limiting clinical use.
2026 · Pan — Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogen Production from Nanomaterials: Design, Regulation and Biomedical Applications
H₂ gas has broad therapeutic potential, but its low solubility and lack of targeted delivery limit clinical use — nanotechnology offers a solution through stimuli-responsive nanomaterials that produce H₂ on demand at disease sites.
2025 · Zhu — Molecular mechanisms associated with effects of hydrogen molecule in liver diseases: the review of current evidence
Oxidative stress and inflammation drive liver disease progression from inflammation to fibrosis and cancer — this review summarises how molecular hydrogen selectively neutralises harmful free radicals and modulates inflammatory signalling to potentially slow this cascade.
2025 · Li — Delivery of Molecular Hydrogen for Precision Immunomodulation: Mechanisms, Detection Methods, and Applications
Molecular hydrogen modulates immune function through antioxidant action, suppression of inflammatory mediators, and inhibition of apoptosis — yet the precise dose-efficacy relationship in living organisms remains unclear due to the lack of accurate in-vivo detection methods.
2025 · Li — Application Trends of Hydrogen-generating Nanomaterials for the Treatment of ROS-related Diseases
Hydrogen-producing nanomaterials allow targeted, sustained delivery of H₂ directly to sites of disease — this review surveys how combining H₂ gas therapy with nanomedicine advances treatment of cancers, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, and skin diseases driven by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS).
2024 · Dhillon — Hydrogen Water: Extra Healthy or a Hoax?—A Systematic Review
Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) — healthy or hype? A systematic review of 25 studies concludes: the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are „encouraging“ in early clinical studies, but not yet conclusive — larger studies are needed.
2024 · Xu — The Landscape of Smart Biomaterial-Based Hydrogen Therapy
This comprehensive review maps the rapidly evolving field of biomaterial-based H₂ delivery systems — engineered materials that can carry, target, and release molecular hydrogen precisely where disease processes occur.
2021 · Shi et al. — Hydrogen treatment: a novel option in liver diseases.
Hydrogen therapy shows promise in a range of liver conditions — from fatty liver disease to hepatitis B and chemotherapy-induced liver dysfunction — acting through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
2021 · Ostojic — Hydrogen Gas as an Exotic Performance-Enhancing Agent: Challenges and Opportunities
This review maps approximately two dozen studies on hydrogen (H₂) and exercise performance, finding promising ergogenic signals — but also highlighting the absence of a gold-standard protocol.
2019 · Wu — Hydrogen Gas from Inflammation Treatment to Cancer Therapy
This review surveys the emerging field of molecular hydrogen (H₂) therapy, from its anti-inflammatory mechanisms to its potential role in cancer treatment, with special focus on how nanomaterials can deliver H₂ more precisely to target sites.
2018 · Zhang — Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside
This review summarises a decade of H₂ research in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases — from animal models to early clinical trials.
2018 · Hylemon — Metabolism of hydrogen gases and bile acids in the gut microbiome
This review examines how gut bacteria produce and consume molecular hydrogen (H₂) during fermentation, and how these processes interact with bile acid metabolism.
2016 · Zheng — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Ameliorates Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis
This review summarises animal-based evidence suggesting that molecular hydrogen can reduce inflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress, and organ damage in sepsis models, improving survival rates across brain, lung, liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues.
2015 · Ostojic — Targeting molecular hydrogen to mitochondria: barriers and gateways.
Mitochondria are a key target for hydrogen therapy, but the double-membrane structure and high membrane potential of these organelles create specific barriers to H₂ delivery that are not yet well understood.
2013 · Takaki — Multiple hits, including oxidative stress, as pathogenesis and treatment target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progresses through multiple simultaneous pathways — including insulin resistance, gut microbiota, and oxidative stress — and conventional antioxidants have failed in long-term trials because they act non-selectively.
2012 · Chuai — Molecular hydrogen and radiation protection
Hydrogen (H₂) as radiation protection: ionizing radiation damages cells mainly via the hydroxyl radical (•OH) — exactly the radical H₂ selectively scavenges.
2012 · Ohno et al. — Molecular hydrogen as an emerging therapeutic medical gas for neurodegenerative and other diseases.
This review surveys the research on molecular hydrogen (H₂) across 63 disease models and human diseases documented in the four and a half years after the landmark 2007 Nature Medicine paper.
2011 · Zheng et al. — Hydrogen resuscitation, a new cytoprotective approach.
Oxidative injury — from ischemia-reperfusion, inflammation, trauma, or toxins — damages cells, tissues, and organs by unleashing reactive oxygen species.
2003 · Maier — Availability and use of molecular hydrogen as an energy substrate for Helicobacter species
This review summarises evidence that the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori and the liver pathogen H.
1998 · Swart — ¹³C breath test in gastroenterological practice.
This review summarises the use of breath tests — including both hydrogen gas excretion and ¹³C-labelled carbon dioxide — in gastroenterological practice as non-invasive alternatives to invasive diagnostic procedures.
2025 · Shogenova — Efficiency and Safety of the Combined Use of Thermal Heliox, Nitric Oxide and Molecular Hydrogen in COPD Exacerbation with Respiratory Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in the Post-COVID Period
In patients hospitalized with severe COPD exacerbation after COVID-19, combining three medical gases — thermal heliox, nitric oxide, and molecular hydrogen (H₂) — alongside standard therapy produced better improvements in breathing, gas exchange, and exercise tolerance than any single gas used alone.
2022 · Tao — A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Hydrogen/oxygen inhalation improves blood lipid and liver values in non-alcoholic fatty liver — and measurably lowers liver fat content in moderate-to-severe cases.
2019 · Korovljev et al. — Hydrogen-rich water reduces liver fat accumulation and improves liver enzyme profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
In a double-blind crossover trial with 12 overweight NAFLD patients, 28 days of 1 L/day hydrogen-rich water significantly reduced liver fat measured by MRI (from 284 to 256.5 mM, –2.9 %) and tended to lower aspartate transaminase by 10 %, compared to placebo.
2013 · Xia et al. — Effect of hydrogen-rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
In 60 patients with chronic hepatitis B, adding hydrogen-rich water (1,200–1,800 mL/day for 6 weeks) to routine antiviral treatment markedly reduced oxidative stress markers — while liver function and HBV DNA levels improved similarly in both groups.
2025 · Moriya et al. — Hydrogen Inhalation Is Associated With a Transient Rightward Shift in Prefrontal Oxyhemoglobin Asymmetry and Autonomic Modulation
A single 30-minute session of pure hydrogen gas inhalation (99.9 % H₂, 300 mL/min via nasal cannula) transiently increased oxygenation in the right prefrontal cortex and simultaneously altered heart-rate variability in healthy adults — findings consistent with a brief, coordinated neurovascular-autonomic response.
2025 · Habet et al. — Hydrogen-FAST: Study Protocol for Inhaled Hydrogen Gas as Adjunctive Therapy in Refractory Cardiac Arrest (ECPR)
The Hydrogen-FAST trial is a phase 1 multicenter randomised controlled trial investigating whether inhaled 2 % hydrogen gas, delivered continuously for 72 hours during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), is feasible and safe in patients with refractory cardiac arrest and underlying heart disease.
2025 · Tu et al. — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report on the Amelioration of Methotrexate-induced Myelosuppression and Immune Modulation
Methotrexate (MTX) is essential for rheumatoid arthritis but can cause dangerous bone marrow suppression.
2025 · Tsai et al. — Molecular Hydrogen as an Adjuvant Therapy in Comorbid Sjögren's Syndrome, SLE, and ILD: A Case Report on Immune Modulation and Fatigue Reduction
A 69-year-old woman with overlapping Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) — a difficult-to-treat triad — showed notable clinical improvements after adding molecular hydrogen therapy to her regimen.
2025 · Lin et al. — Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy for Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Elevated IgG4: A Case Report on Immune Marker Normalization
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that often responds inadequately to the standard drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).
2023 · Sumbalová — The Effect of Adjuvant Therapy with Molecular Hydrogen on Endogenous Coenzyme Q10 Levels and Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), eight weeks of hydrogen-rich water improved platelet mitochondrial energy production, raised coenzyme Q10 levels in platelets, and reduced oxidative stress markers — while placebo showed no significant changes.
2021 · Kaibori — Effect of hydrogen gas inhalation on patient QOL after hepatectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
This is a published trial protocol — not yet results — for a randomised, double-blind, controlled study testing whether inhaling hydrogen gas after liver surgery improves patients' quality of life and reduces post-operative complications.
2020 · Hori et al. — Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
Inhaling 1 % H₂ gas during moderate-intensity cycling significantly increased breath acetone levels and oxygen uptake in ten healthy men — suggesting that H₂ promotes hepatic lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise.
2018 · Nakayama — Novel Haemodialysis Treatment Employing Molecular Hydrogen-Enriched Dialysis Solution Improves Prognosis of Chronic Dialysis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Over a mean observation period of 3.28 years, chronic haemodialysis patients treated with H₂-enriched dialysis solution had a 41% lower risk of combined all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events compared to conventional haemodialysis (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% CI 0.38–0.92).
2017 · Nakayama et al. — Possible clinical effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) delivery during hemodialysis in chronic dialysis patients: Interim analysis in a 12 month observation.
In a 12-month prospective observation with 262 chronic dialysis patients, H₂-enriched dialysis solution was associated with lower antihypertensive drug use and fewer complaints of severe fatigue and pruritus — without detectable differences in standard dialysis parameters.
2005 · Sobko et al. — Birth-Related Increase in Intracolonic Hydrogen Gas and Nitric Oxide as Indicator of Host-Microbial Interactions
This study measured endogenous hydrogen gas produced by gut bacteria in 32 newborns during the first 6 months of life to monitor intestinal colonization — it is not an H₂ therapy study.
1990 · Makino — Measurement of Hepatic Blood Flow by the Hydrogen Gas Clearance Method: Experimental and Clinical Observations
Inhaled hydrogen gas serves as a highly accurate and minimally invasive tool for measuring liver blood flow in real time.
1987 · Leung et al. — Gastroduodenal Mucosal Hemodynamics by Endoscopic Reflectance Spectrophotometry
Endoscopic reflectance spectrophotometry — validated against hydrogen gas clearance as the reference standard — can non-invasively measure gastric and duodenal mucosal haemoglobin and oxygen saturation during routine endoscopy.
1984 · Toyama — Experimental and Clinical Studies on Esophago-Gastric Hemodynamics Before and After Devascularization for Esophageal Varices
This 1984 surgical study examined how esophago-gastric mucosal blood flow and tissue oxygen tension change after devascularization surgery for esophageal varices — using hydrogen gas clearance as a measurement tool in both dogs and humans.
1983 · Ishida — Laparoscopic measurement of pancreatic blood flow.
Using inhaled hydrogen gas as a tracer, researchers measured pancreatic blood flow laparoscopically in humans for the first time.
2026 · Zhu — Self-Adaptive Hydrogen Nano-Delivery System in Glaucoma Management: Synergistic Antioxidation and Anti-inflammation Therapeutic Strategy
Glaucoma-induced optic nerve damage remains a leading cause of blindness, and current treatments focus only on lowering intraocular pressure — ignoring the oxidative stress and inflammation that drive the underlying damage.
2026 · Zhao — Molecular hydrogen triggers TRPC4-TRPC4AP-dependent reversible calcium transients via extracellular influx
For the first time, researchers have identified a specific ion channel — TRPC4, activated via its binding partner TRPC4AP — as the molecular target through which inhaled hydrogen gas triggers rapid, reversible calcium signals in living cells and in the brains and skin of living mice.
2026 · Cao — A Hydrogen Generator Enhances Immunogenic Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Adding a hydrogen-releasing material (nano-CaH₂) to the standard TACE (transarterial chemoembolization) procedure for liver cancer enabled local H₂ release that reduced tumor hypoxia, enhanced drug effectiveness, and activated anti-tumor immune responses — all demonstrated in animal models.
2026 · Liang — Synergistic Calcium Overload and Hydrogen Release Potentiate Robust Antitumor Immunity
A nanoplatform called Ca@CMPN combines calcium hydride and curcumin to simultaneously flood cancer cells with calcium ions (triggering immunogenic cell death) and release H₂ to reduce oxidative stress and reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
2026 · Jiao — Therapeutic Potential of Magnesium Diboride Nanosheets in PAH-Associated Right Heart Failure: Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Ferroptosis Suppression via LC3/ATG5/NCOA4/FTH1 Pathway
Magnesium diboride (MgB₂) nanosheets — which release H₂ upon contact with body fluids — were tested in an animal model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and its resulting right heart failure.
2025 · Negishi — The Rieske Iron-sulfur Protein Is a Primary Target of Molecular Hydrogen
Molecular hydrogen is not merely a passive free-radical scavenger — it actively targets a specific mitochondrial protein called the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP), a new finding that could help explain H₂'s wide-ranging and sometimes paradoxical biological effects.
2025 · Zhu — Transdermal Hydrogen Therapy for Psoriasis Using Cavity-embedded Double-conical Microneedles
A new microneedle patch delivers hydrogen directly through the skin into psoriatic tissue, where sustained H₂ release significantly outperformed a standard topical therapy (calcipotriol cream) in reducing oxidative damage, inflammation, and the hallmark skin thickening of psoriasis.
2025 · Cao — Nanobiocatalyst-Driven Spatiotemporal Hydrogen Delivery Induces Dormancy Potentiated Catalytic Tumor Therapy.
Colorectal cancer cells can be pushed into a dormant, non-dividing state by molecular hydrogen (H₂) — and this dormancy makes them far more vulnerable to oxidative attack.
2025 · Liu — Local Delivery of Molecular Hydrogen by Fluorinated Zeolitic Imidazole Framework Nanosheets Boosts Cancer Immunotherapy.
A newly engineered nanomaterial can carry and locally release large amounts of molecular hydrogen (H₂) inside a tumour, while also amplifying the effect of immune checkpoint therapy.
2025 · Qiu — 3D printing combined with pH-induced 4D printed iron(III)-oxidized starch gels for controlled iron delivery and enhanced iron supplementation.
Iron deficiency anaemia can be treated more effectively with a new type of 3D-/4D-printed starch gel that releases iron only in the small intestine, not in the stomach — improving bioavailability while reducing side effects.
2025 · Zhang — RNA-Seq Reveals the Mechanism of Synergistic Hydrogen-Chemotherapy Based on Active Magnesium Micromotors for Inhibiting Glioblastoma Recurrence by Modulating Tumor Microenvironment.
Glioblastoma (GBM) almost always returns after surgery — and a new approach using self-propelled magnesium micromotors that generate hydrogen gas locally and simultaneously deliver chemotherapy drug doxorubicin may significantly inhibit this recurrence.
2025 · Mancebo — Performance of Unmodified Mechanical Ventilators With 2% Hydrogen Gas Mixtures.
Can standard, unmodified intensive-care ventilators safely deliver a 2% H₂ gas mixture?
2025 · Yang — Manganese Galvanic Cells Intervene in Tumor Metabolism to Reinforce cGAS-STING Activation for Bidirectional Synergistic Hydrogen-Immunotherapy.
Manganese galvanic-cell nanostructures (MnG) generate hydrogen and manganese ions inside tumours by reacting with water, simultaneously activating a key innate-immunity pathway (cGAS-STING) and disrupting tumour glucose metabolism.
2025 · Hu — Hydrogen-Generating Magnesium Alloy Seed Strand Sensitizes Solid Tumors to Iodine-125 Brachytherapy.
An AZ31 magnesium-alloy brachytherapy seed strand (AMASS) implanted directly into tumours releases hydrogen gas alongside radioactive iodine-125 radiation, significantly enhancing tumour cell killing compared to radiation alone.
2025 · Jiang — Engineering probiotic biohydrogen micro-factories to initiate reductive stress for boosting tumor vulnerability.
Probiotic bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes) engineered into gel-based microcapsules produced continuous hydrogen inside tumours, inducing a state of „reductive stress“ — the opposite of oxidative stress — that disrupted cancer-cell metabolism and suppressed tumour growth.
2024 · Li — Modulating the Electronic Structure of MnNi₂S₃ Nanoelectrodes to Activate Pyroptosis for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen-Immunotherapy.
Specially engineered nanoelectrodes deliver molecular hydrogen directly to tumor cells via electrolysis, triggering a cell-death pathway called pyroptosis that also activates the immune system to fight cancer.
2023 · Agar — The Inhibition Mechanism of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via LXR Receptors: A Multifaceted Approach Integrating Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and Post-MD Inter-Molecular Contact Analysis
A computational in-silico study investigated how natural compounds — Baicalein, Beta-Sitosterol, and Polydatin — might inhibit Liver X receptors (LXR), which play a role in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
2023 · Wu — Ultrasound-Driven Piezoelectrocatalytic Immunoactivation of Deep Tumor
A novel nanotechnology platform uses ultrasound to drive piezoelectric tin disulfide nanosheets (SSN) to generate H₂ locally inside tumors and simultaneously deplete lactic acid — a dual strategy designed to reactivate immune cells against deep liver tumors in mice.
2023 · Aokage — Attenuation of pulmonary damage in aged lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mice through continuous 2 % hydrogen gas inhalation: A potential therapeutic strategy for geriatric inflammation and survival
In aged mice (21–23 months) with LPS-induced systemic inflammation, continuous inhalation of 2 % hydrogen gas for 24 hours reduced lung inflammation, lowered senescence-related markers, and improved survival — while having no measurable effect on LPS-induced liver injury.
2023 · Liu — Hydrogen gas ameliorates acute alcoholic liver injury via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and regulation of intestinal microbiota
In a mouse model of acute alcoholic liver disease, H₂ inhalation reduced liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and fat accumulation, while also improving the composition of the gut microbiota and strengthening the intestinal barrier.
2023 · Zhu — Inorganic Nanosheet-Shielded Probiotics: A Self-Adaptable Oral Delivery System for Intestinal Disease Treatment
Researchers developed a nanomaterial coating for probiotic bacteria that resists stomach acid, then spontaneously degrades in the intestine to release hydrogen gas — simultaneously exposing the probiotics for their anti-inflammatory effect on colitis.
2023 · Wang — pH-Responsive Delivery of H₂ through Ammonia Borane-Loaded Hollow Polydopamine for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy
A pH-responsive nanoparticle system (ammonia borane inside hollow polydopamine shells, AB@HPDA) releases H₂ in the acidic environment of a degenerated intervertebral disc, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in both in-vitro and in-vivo (rat/rabbit) experiments.
2023 · Sahoo — Hydrogen-producing Photocatalyst at Sunscreen for Athletes in Preventing and Healing Muscle-nerve-skin Injuries
A theoretical concept paper proposes embedding a UV-absorbing photocatalyst into a hydrogel sunscreen that would continuously split sweat into H₂ — allowing athletes to absorb H₂ through the skin during sun exposure.
2022 · Adzavon — Long-term and daily use of molecular hydrogen induces reprogramming of liver metabolism in rats by modulating NADP/NADPH redox pathways
Rats exposed to molecular hydrogen for six months — either by drinking hydrogen-rich water or inhaling 4 % H₂ gas — showed reduced fat accumulation in the liver, lower blood lipid levels, and broad metabolic changes driven by the NADP/NADPH redox system.
2022 · Liu — In vivo microelectrode monitoring of real-time hydrogen concentration in different tissues of rats after inhaling hydrogen gas
Using implanted electrochemical microelectrodes, researchers measured hydrogen concentrations in seven different rat tissues in real time during and after inhalation of 4 %, 42 %, and 67 % H₂ gas.
2021 · LeBaron et al. — An H₂-Infused, Nitric Oxide-Producing Functional Beverage as a Neuroprotective Agent for TBIs and Concussions
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and concussions currently lack effective medical treatments, and this paper argues that a combination of molecular hydrogen and nitric oxide — delivered via a functional beverage — could address multiple aspects of TBI pathophysiology simultaneously.
2021 · Bai et al. — A PdMo Bimetallene with Precise Wavelength Adjustment and Catalysis for Synergistic Photothermal Ablation and Hydrogen Therapy of Cancer at Different Depths
This nanotechnology study synthesized a novel palladium-molybdenum (PdMo) bimetallene nanomaterial that simultaneously generates hydrogen gas and produces heat under near-infrared light, enabling combined anti-tumor therapy in mouse models.
2021 · V — Investigations of Dianhydro-D-glucitol adsorbed on AuNPs surface: In silico and in vitro approach based on anticancer activity studies against A549 lung cancer cell lines
This in-vitro and computational chemistry study examined how attaching a lung-cancer drug (Dianhydro-D-glucitol) to gold nanoparticles affects its anticancer behaviour against A549 lung cancer cells.
2021 · Matsuura — Hydrogen Gas Therapy Attenuates Inflammatory Pathway Signaling in Septic Mice
In a mouse cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, continuous H₂ inhalation improved 7-day survival from 40% to 75% and suppressed systemic and organ-level inflammatory signalling.
2019 · Kou et al. — Acid-responsive H₂-releasing Fe nanoparticles for safe and effective cancer therapy.
This preclinical study describes an ingenious drug-delivery strategy: iron nanoparticles coated with carboxymethyl cellulose that release molecular hydrogen (H₂) selectively inside the acidic tumour microenvironment, enabling targeted, imaging-guided cancer therapy in mice.
2019 · Bordoni — Positive Effect of an Electrolyzed Reduced Water on Gut Permeability, Fecal Microbiota and Liver in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease
In a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by the pesticide permethrin, co-treatment with electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) protected the gut barrier, reduced liver inflammation, and shifted the gut microbiota toward a healthier profile.
2019 · Fan — Acid-Responsive H₂-Releasing 2D MgB₂ Nanosheet for Therapeutic Synergy and Side Effect Attenuation of Gastric Cancer Chemotherapy.
Researchers engineered a magnesium boride (MgB₂) nanosheet that releases molecular hydrogen in acidic environments (such as the stomach) and combined it with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in a gastric-tumor mouse model.
2019 · Yan — Hydrogen gas inhalation attenuates sepsis-induced liver injury in a FUNDC1-dependent manner.
In septic mice (cecal ligation and puncture model), 2 % hydrogen (H₂) gas inhalation for 3 hours improved the 7-day survival rate and reduced markers of liver damage.
2019 · Liu — In vitro and in vivo studies of Mg-30Sc alloys with different phase structure for potential usage within bone.
Researchers developed a magnesium-scandium (Mg-30Sc) alloy with a body-centred-cubic (bcc) crystal structure as a biodegradable orthopaedic implant material and tested it in cell cultures and rats over 24 weeks.
2018 · Jackson — Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water, in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model
In mice fed a high-fat diet, only high-concentration hydrogen-rich water (0.8 mg H₂/L) — not electrolyzed-alkaline water with low H₂ (0.2 mg/L) — significantly reduced fat mass gain and liver lipid accumulation.
2018 · Tamaki — Hydrogen Flush After Cold Storage as a New End-Ischemic Ex Vivo Treatment for Liver Grafts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
A novel ex-vivo technique — flushing rat liver grafts with hydrogen-saturated solution (1.0 ppm) after cold storage — significantly reduced ischemia/reperfusion injury markers and preserved both sinusoidal endothelia and bile duct function, compared to controls.
2018 · Wan — An In Situ Depot for Continuous Evolution of Gaseous H₂ Mediated by a Magnesium Passivation/Activation Cycle for Treating Osteoarthritis
This mouse study tested intra-muscular injection of magnesium-containing microparticles (Mg@PLGA) as a local H₂ delivery system for osteoarthritis (OA).
2017 · Watanabe — Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Muscular Damage Using a Mouse Hindlimb Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Model
In a mouse hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion model, inhalation of hydrogen gas — administered before and during reperfusion — significantly reduced muscle infarct zone, dampened inflammation, and improved walking function recovery.
2016 · Wang — Hydrogen Metabolism in Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role in Gastric Carcinogenesis through Facilitating CagA Translocation
This animal and cell study shows that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori uses molecular hydrogen — produced by the gut microbiome — as an energy source to power delivery of its cancer-causing toxin CagA into stomach cells, promoting gastric cancer development in a gerbil model.
2016 · Du — Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation via Activating p53-Mediated Autophagy
In rats undergoing liver transplantation, hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) protected the kidneys from acute injury by reducing oxidative damage and cell death, with p53-mediated autophagy as a key mechanism.
2015 · Ma et al. — Discovery of novel quinoline-based mTOR inhibitors via introducing intra-molecular hydrogen bonding scaffold (iMHBS): The design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
Researchers designed and synthesized a series of quinoline compounds that use intramolecular hydrogen bonding to inhibit the mTOR enzyme — a key cancer growth regulator — with several candidates showing potent activity against cancer cell lines.
2014 · Nazreen et al. — Thiazolidine-2,4-diones derivatives as PPAR-γ agonists: synthesis, molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity with hepatotoxicity risk evaluation.
This in-vitro and animal pharmacology study synthesised new thiazolidinedione-chromone compounds as potential antidiabetic agents — using hydrogen gas as a chemical reducing agent in the synthesis process, not as a therapeutic substance.
2014 · Mano et al. — Maternal molecular hydrogen administration ameliorates rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by in utero ischemia-reperfusion.
In this rat study, pregnant mothers that drank hydrogen-saturated water passed measurable H₂ to the placenta, which protected fetal hippocampal neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury — and improved the learning and memory of the offspring at 8 weeks of age.
2014 · Reis et al. — Clusianone, a naturally occurring nemorosone regioisomer, uncouples rat liver mitochondria and induces HepG2 cell death.
This in-vitro and animal study characterised clusianone — a natural plant compound — as a mitochondrial uncoupler and anticancer agent, where hydrogen appears only as a structural feature of the molecule (an intramolecular hydrogen bond), not as a therapeutic substance.
2012 · Chang et al. — Inhibition of hepatitis C virus NS5A by fluoro-olefin based γ-turn mimetics.
This study develops a new class of antiviral compounds targeting the NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) — using a fluoro-olefin chemical scaffold to mimic the three-dimensional structure of natural peptide inhibitors.
2011 · Lazzeroni — Production of Clinically Useful Positron Emitter Beams During Carbon Ion Deceleration
This radiation physics study models how to produce high-energy carbon-11 (¹¹C) fragments from a primary ¹²C beam for simultaneous cancer treatment and PET imaging — and finds that hydrogen-rich materials such as liquid hydrogen and polyethylene are the most efficient decelerators for this process.
2010 · Liu — Oral administration of mannitol may be an effective treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injury.
This hypothesis paper proposes that oral mannitol — a sugar alcohol that promotes bacterial hydrogen gas production in the colon — could protect organs from ischaemia-reperfusion injury by raising endogenous H₂ levels.
2009 · Zhu — A novel antibody fragment targeting HAb18G/CD147 with cytotoxicity and decreased immunogenicity.
This in-vitro study describes the engineering of a humanized antibody fragment targeting CD147, a protein overexpressed on hepatocellular carcinoma cells, to reduce immunogenicity while maintaining cytotoxic activity.
2005 · Maier — Use of molecular hydrogen as an energy substrate by human pathogenic bacteria
Several pathogenic bacteria — including Helicobacter pylori (stomach), Helicobacter hepaticus (liver), and Salmonella — can use molecular hydrogen (H₂) produced in the gut as a respiratory fuel, and this ability significantly enhances their capacity to colonise and cause disease in animals.
1999 · Tamori — Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and capsaicin-sensitive afferents in central thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced hepatic hyperemia.
This animal study in anesthetized rats demonstrates that central (intracisternal) injection of a TRH analogue increases hepatic blood flow via capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and CGRP — and that blocking either pathway completely abolishes this effect.