Sports & Exercise
Research on exertion, recovery and performance — H₂ is tested for possible effects on fatigue, muscle soreness and post-exercise inflammation. Sports and physical exertion are among the most frequently studied application fields of molecular hydrogen in humans: around 30 randomized controlled trials plus numerous further pilot and observational studies exist, predominantly as small crossover trials with trained and untrained subjects.
Most commonly, hydrogen-rich water (HRW) was drunk, less often H₂ gas inhaled. Recorded measures included lactate, markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress, perceived fatigue as well as endurance and strength parameters. For recovery after intense exertion — for example less fatigue, a reduced rise in lactate and lower muscle-damage markers — several studies point in a favorable direction.
For acute performance enhancement, by contrast, the findings are inconsistent: some studies find improvements in endurance or sprint performance, others show no effect. Because of small samples as well as differing doses and exercise protocols, the evidence remains preliminary; a reliable, generally transferable performance effect has not so far been established.
Human studies on molecular hydrogen for Sports & Exercise. This page collects the 162 studies catalogued in this area — 30 randomized trials, 30 pilot/observational studies and 37 reviews. Listed newest first.
2025 · Zajac — Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases
This review compiles twenty years of research on molecular hydrogen in respiratory medicine, covering allergies, asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung injury, respiratory infections, and lung cancer.
2024 · Dhillon — Hydrogen Water: Extra Healthy or a Hoax?—A Systematic Review
Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) — healthy or hype? A systematic review of 25 studies concludes: the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are „encouraging“ in early clinical studies, but not yet conclusive — larger studies are needed.
2024 · Slezák — New Possibilities of the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Pathologies: The Potential of Molecular Hydrogen in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress
This review examines molecular hydrogen (H₂) as a selective antioxidant with particular promise for cardiovascular disease, where oxidative stress plays a defining role.
2021 · Oren — Amyloid β structural polymorphism, associated toxicity and therapeutic strategies.
This comprehensive review covers the many different structural forms (polymorphs) of amyloid-β (Aβ) — the protein fragment central to Alzheimer's disease — how they form, why some are more toxic than others, and what therapeutic strategies are being pursued to interfere with their aggregation.
2021 · Bragina — Intestinal microbiota of athletes.
This systematic review of 14 studies finds that athletes harbour a more diverse gut microbiome than sedentary individuals, with higher proportions of bacteria that ferment complex carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids — including species that use hydrogen gas (H₂) and formate to drive fermentation.
2021 · Shi et al. — Hydrogen treatment: a novel option in liver diseases.
Hydrogen therapy shows promise in a range of liver conditions — from fatty liver disease to hepatitis B and chemotherapy-induced liver dysfunction — acting through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
2021 · Sano et al. — Hydrogen Gas Therapy: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials.
Hydrogen gas (H₂) has demonstrated broad therapeutic potential in preclinical and early clinical studies — from ischaemia-reperfusion injury to organ transplantation and emergency medicine — and appears safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer.
2021 · Nogueira et al. — Recent Advances in Molecular Hydrogen Research Reducing Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.
Exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation — harmful when exercise is exhaustive — may be mitigated by molecular hydrogen (H₂), which has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in both animal and human studies.
2021 · Bajgai et al. — Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Skin Diseases and its Impact in Beauty.
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are central drivers of skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and skin ageing; molecular hydrogen (H₂) may offer a therapeutic approach by targeting these mechanisms.
2021 · Lucas — Molecular hydrogen (H₂) as a potential treatment for acute and chronic fatigue
This review paper argues that molecular H₂ is well-suited for treating both acute and chronic fatigue, based on the premise that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction underlie many forms of fatigue.
2021 · Ostojic — Hydrogen Gas as an Exotic Performance-Enhancing Agent: Challenges and Opportunities
This review maps approximately two dozen studies on hydrogen (H₂) and exercise performance, finding promising ergogenic signals — but also highlighting the absence of a gold-standard protocol.
2021 · Slezak et al. — Oxidative Stress and Pathways of Molecular Hydrogen Effects in Medicine
This review explains why molecular hydrogen (H₂) has unique advantages over conventional antioxidants: it selectively neutralises the most damaging reactive oxygen species while leaving beneficial ones intact.
2020 · Hirano et al. — A „philosophical molecule,” hydrogen may overcome senescence and intractable diseases
This short review argues that molecular hydrogen (H₂) is uniquely positioned to combat ageing and difficult-to-treat diseases by scavenging hydroxyl radicals (·OH) — the most damaging reactive oxygen species — which are predominantly generated in the mitochondria.
2020 · Kawamura et al. — Application of Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Antioxidant in Sports Science
This review surveys the evidence on molecular hydrogen (H₂) intake and exercise, covering all administration routes and focusing on exercise-induced oxidative stress.
2020 · Benoit — Molecular Hydrogen Metabolism: a Widespread Trait of Pathogenic Bacteria and Protists
Over 200 known pathogens carry genes for hydrogenases — enzymes that let bacteria consume or produce H₂ gas as part of their energy metabolism.
2019 · Morris — Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities.
This review maps the multiple pathophysiological abnormalities described in ME/CFS — including chronic inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, gut barrier disruption, and mitochondrial dysfunction — and identifies several candidate therapeutic agents, among them molecular hydrogen, that target these pathways.
2019 · Noda et al. — Circulating messenger for neuroprotection induced by molecular hydrogen.
Drinking hydrogen-rich water does not only act while H₂ is present in the body — it can trigger lasting neuroprotection through an indirect hormonal mechanism involving ghrelin.
2019 · LeBaron et al. — Hydrogen gas: from clinical medicine to an emerging ergogenic molecule for sports athletes.
Hydrogen gas (H₂) may serve as both an exercise mimetic and a „redox adaptogen“ — reducing harm from excessive or damaging exercise while potentially amplifying the benefits of healthy training.
2019 · Wang et al. — Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: emerging therapeutic strategies based on pathophysiologic phases of the injury.
This 2019 review proposes a phase-based treatment framework for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a major cause of infant death and disability.
2018 · Ye — Recent Advances in the Electro-Oxidation of Urea for Direct Urea Fuel Cell and Urea Electrolysis.
This review covers recent advances in the electro-oxidation of urea — the electrochemical reaction that makes it possible to use urea (from urine, wastewater, or industrial sources) as a fuel in direct urea fuel cells, or as a feedstock to produce hydrogen gas through urea electrolysis.
2018 · Zhang — Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside
This review summarises a decade of H₂ research in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases — from animal models to early clinical trials.
2018 · Morris — The putative role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders
This review proposes that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are shared drivers of sleep disturbances in chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder, and multiple sclerosis.
2018 · Hylemon — Metabolism of hydrogen gases and bile acids in the gut microbiome
This review examines how gut bacteria produce and consume molecular hydrogen (H₂) during fermentation, and how these processes interact with bile acid metabolism.
2016 · Zheng — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Ameliorates Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis
This review summarises animal-based evidence suggesting that molecular hydrogen can reduce inflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress, and organ damage in sepsis models, improving survival rates across brain, lung, liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues.
2016 · Verghese — Complementary therapies for bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review
A systematic review of complementary treatments for bladder pain syndrome identified dietary management, acupuncture, and physical therapy as approaches with the most potential benefit — while hydrogen-rich therapy was among the interventions surveyed.
2015 · Dubé — Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer in Anaerobic Digestion: A Review
This review covers „direct interspecies electron transfer“ (DIET) — a form of syntrophic metabolism in anaerobic microbial communities where electrons flow directly between cells without being shuttled by molecular hydrogen or formate.
2015 · Ostojic — Targeting molecular hydrogen to mitochondria: barriers and gateways.
Mitochondria are a key target for hydrogen therapy, but the double-membrane structure and high membrane potential of these organelles create specific barriers to H₂ delivery that are not yet well understood.
2015 · Ostojic — Molecular hydrogen in sports medicine: new therapeutic perspectives.
Molecular hydrogen (H₂) may offer a novel approach for addressing exercise-induced oxidative stress and sports injuries, with potential to also improve exercise performance.
2015 · Osonoi — [Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]. (Nihon Rinsho)
This Japanese-language clinical review discusses alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GI) — a class of oral antidiabetic drugs — noting that their characteristic intestinal side effects (gas, bloating) arise from hydrogen gas produced by gut bacteria fermenting undigested carbohydrates.
2013 · Lucas — Role of the Toll Like receptor (TLR) radical cycle in chronic inflammation: possible treatments targeting the TLR4 pathway
Activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway — triggered by environmental factors such as ozone, particulate matter, ionizing radiation, and LPS from bacteria — may underlie a wide spectrum of chronic inflammatory and neuropsychiatric diseases.
2011 · Acuña Castroviejo — Melatonin-Mitochondria Interplay in Health and Disease
This review examines how melatonin interacts with mitochondria to counteract oxidative and nitrosative stress — one of the core mechanisms underlying a wide range of diseases.
2010 · Otzen — Amyloid formation in surfactants and alcohols: membrane mimetics or structural switchers?
This biochemistry review examines how anionic detergents (e.g. SDS) and fluorinated alcohols (e.g. TFE) influence protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils.
2009 · Mahlen — Oral abscess caused by Campylobacter rectus: case report and literature review.
This case report and literature review describes the first documented case of a palate abscess caused by Campylobacter rectus in a patient with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.
2004 · Züttel — Hydrogen storage methods
This theoretical engineering review surveys six methods for storing hydrogen gas — from high-pressure cylinders and liquid H₂ cryotanks to metal hydrides — and assesses their volumetric density, gravimetric performance, and practical limitations for energy applications.
2002 · Acuña Castroviejo et al. — Melatonin, mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial-related diseases
This review covers melatonin's antioxidant role in protecting mitochondria from reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its potential relevance to neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases.
1996 · Mehta — Magnetization Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Clinical Review
Magnetization transfer (MT) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that exploits the interaction between free water protons and protons bound to macromolecules — providing tissue contrast that reveals structural integrity beyond conventional T1, T2, and proton-density images.
2026 · Stolecka-Warzecha — Redox Water Consumption Attenuates Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Physically Active Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Eight weeks of hydrogen-enriched redox water dampens the inflammatory surge after intense exercise.
2025 · Ogannisyan — Hydrogen-Rich Water Decreases Muscle Damage and Improves Power Endurance in Elite Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Hydrogen-rich water reduces muscle damage and boosts power performance in competitive female athletes.
2025 · Kuzmanovic — The effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water for six weeks on exercise-related biomarkers in exercise-naïve men and women over 50 years following resistance training program: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Hydrogen-rich water supports strength training from 50 on: In a randomized, double-blind pilot RCT (n = 27, age ~58 yrs), 6 weeks of H₂ water lowered markers of acute muscle damage significantly more than placebo, improved the blood lipid profile (total and LDL cholesterol ↓) and raised free testosterone (all p ≤ 0.05).
2025 · Khlifi — Pre-Exercise Ingestion of Hydrogen-Rich Cold Water Enhances Endurance Performance and Lactate Response in Heat
Hydrogen-rich cold water before exercise improves endurance performance in heat and dampens the lactate rise.
2025 · Korchazhkina — Effectiveness of Non-Drug Technologies to Increase Stress Resistance in Persons with Extreme Work Profiles and Susceptibility for Professional Burnout
Medical workers with professional burnout showed measurable improvements in stress resistance and psychological wellbeing after courses of non-drug physical therapies — including hydrogen therapy — compared to exercise and psychocorrection alone.
2025 · Shogenova — Efficiency and Safety of the Combined Use of Thermal Heliox, Nitric Oxide and Molecular Hydrogen in COPD Exacerbation with Respiratory Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in the Post-COVID Period
In patients hospitalized with severe COPD exacerbation after COVID-19, combining three medical gases — thermal heliox, nitric oxide, and molecular hydrogen (H₂) — alongside standard therapy produced better improvements in breathing, gas exchange, and exercise tolerance than any single gas used alone.
2024 · Dong — Inhalation of Hydrogen-Rich Gas before Acute Exercise Alleviates Exercise Fatigue: A Randomized Crossover Study
Pre-exercise inhalation of hydrogen-rich gas (HRG) reduced subjective fatigue, improved cycling performance during the final phase of exhaustion trials, and lowered post-exercise lactate and oxidative stress markers in healthy men — compared to placebo air inhalation.
2024 · Tan — The Effect of 14-Day Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Alleviates Fatigue but Does Not Ameliorate Dyspnea in Long-COVID Patients: A Pilot, Single-Blind, and Randomized, Controlled Trial
Hydrogen-rich water alleviates exhaustion in Long-COVID — but not shortness of breath.
2022 · Botek — Hydrogen Rich Water Consumption Positively Affects Muscle Performance, Lactate Response, and Alleviates Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness After Resistance Training
Hydrogen-rich water improves muscle performance, lowers the lactate response and alleviates muscle soreness after resistance training.
2022 · Valenta — Acute pre-exercise hydrogen rich water intake does not improve running performance at maximal aerobic speed in trained track and field runners: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
Hydrogen-rich water immediately before running gives trained runners no performance advantage.
2022 · Alharbi — The Acute Effects of a Single Dose of Molecular Hydrogen Supplements on Responses to Ergogenic Adjustments during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Humans
A single dose of molecular hydrogen before high-intensity interval training raises peak power and improves muscle oxygen supply.
2022 · Eda — Effects of Intestinal Bacterial Hydrogen Gas Production on Muscle Recovery following Intense Exercise in Adult Men: A Pilot Study
A drink that stimulates gut bacteria to produce hydrogen can reduce muscle soreness and oxidative stress after intense exercise.
2021 · Javorac — Hydrotherapy with hydrogen-rich water compared with RICE protocol following acute ankle sprain in professional athletes: a randomized non-inferiority pilot trial
Hydrogen-rich baths were just as effective as the gold-standard RICE procedure (rest, ice, compression, elevation) for acute ankle sprain in professional athletes.
2021 · Alharbi — Application of Molecular Hydrogen as an Antioxidant in Responses to Ventilatory and Ergogenic Adjustments during Incremental Exercise in Humans
H₂ supplementation altered ventilatory and acid-base status during incremental exercise.
2021 · Takeuchi — Intravenous Hydrogen Therapy With Intracisternal Magnesium Sulfate Infusion in Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
In a three-arm randomised trial of 37 patients with life-threatening subarachnoid haemorrhage, adding intravenous hydrogen therapy to intracisternal magnesium sulphate infusion reduced brain injury biomarkers and delayed cerebral ischaemia compared to controls.
2020 · Ooi — Acute ingestion of hydrogen-rich water does not improve incremental treadmill running performance in endurance-trained athletes
A single serving of hydrogen water shortly before the run brought no performance gain. In 14 endurance-trained runners, time to exhaustion, maximal oxygen uptake and perceived exertion did not differ from placebo.
2020 · Shibayama — Impact of hydrogen-rich gas mixture inhalation through nasal cannula during post-exercise recovery period on subsequent oxidative stress, muscle damage, and exercise performances in men
Inhaling hydrogen gas right after intense exercise lowered a DNA oxidation marker and protected jump strength from the exercise-induced drop. Other performance and blood markers, however, remained unchanged.
2020 · Hori — Two-week continuous supplementation of hydrogen-rich water increases peak oxygen uptake during an incremental cycling exercise test in healthy humans: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Two weeks of daily hydrogen-rich water significantly increased peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) in healthy people in the cycle ergometer test.
2020 · Dobashi et al. — Hydrogen-rich water suppresses the reduction in blood total antioxidant capacity induced by 3 consecutive days of severe exercise in physically active males.
In a crossover trial with 8 active men, drinking H₂-rich water (5.14 ppm) before and after each of 3 consecutive intense exercise sessions maintained the blood antioxidant status — measured as the BAP/d-ROM ratio — while placebo water allowed it to decline progressively.
2019 · Mikami — Drinking hydrogen water enhances endurance and relieves psychometric fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Hydrogen water shortly before exercise lowered the sensation of fatigue and increased endurance.
2019 · Botek — Hydrogen Rich Water Improved Ventilatory, Perceptual and Lactate Responses to Exercise
600 ml of hydrogen water before exercise lowered the lactate level at high intensities and improved breathing efficiency and perception of effort.
2017 · Tamura — Efficacy of Inhaled Hydrogen on Neurological Outcome Following Brain Ischemia During Post-Cardiac Arrest Care (HYBRID II Trial): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
This is the published protocol for the HYBRID II trial — a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to enroll 360 comatose cardiac arrest survivors and evaluate whether 18 hours of 2% hydrogen inhalation improves 90-day neurological outcome.
2017 · Ono et al. — Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Treatment in Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study on Safety and Neuroprotection.
In this randomized controlled trial with 50 stroke patients, inhaling 3% H₂ gas twice daily for 7 days was safe and led to measurable improvements in MRI lesion intensity, stroke severity scores (NIHSS), and functional independence (Barthel Index).
2014 · Ostojic et al. — Effectiveness of oral and topical hydrogen for sports-related soft tissue injuries.
In male professional athletes with acute soft tissue injuries, adding oral hydrogen tablets (2 g/day) plus topical hydrogen-rich packs accelerated joint range-of-motion recovery and reduced plasma viscosity compared to standard treatment alone.
2014 · Ostojic et al. — Hydrogen-rich water affected blood alkalinity in physically active men.
Drinking 2 L of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) daily for 14 days significantly raised both resting and post-exercise arterial blood pH, and elevated fasting bicarbonate levels, in 52 healthy physically active men — without any reported side effects.
1999 · Cole — Consequences of incomplete carbohydrate absorption from fruit juice consumption in infants.
In healthy infants aged ~5 months, consumption of pear juice (containing sorbitol and high fructose) caused carbohydrate malabsorption detectable by breath hydrogen testing, and was associated with increased physical activity and metabolic rate compared to infants who absorbed the carbohydrates normally.
1998 · Poppitt et al. — Energy expenditure and net substrate utilization in men ingesting usual and high amounts of nonstarch polysaccharides
A high-fibre (nonstarch polysaccharide) diet produced no measurable thermogenic effect and no short-term change in body composition in healthy men.
2026 · Li — Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy in Empyema Complicated by Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Case Report
A 76-year-old man with a rare combination of chest infection (Stage II empyema) and an autoimmune nerve disorder (CIDP) recovered after surgery plus adjuvant oral molecular hydrogen therapy.
2025 · Moriya et al. — Hydrogen Inhalation Is Associated With a Transient Rightward Shift in Prefrontal Oxyhemoglobin Asymmetry and Autonomic Modulation
A single 30-minute session of pure hydrogen gas inhalation (99.9 % H₂, 300 mL/min via nasal cannula) transiently increased oxygenation in the right prefrontal cortex and simultaneously altered heart-rate variability in healthy adults — findings consistent with a brief, coordinated neurovascular-autonomic response.
2025 · Kotenko et al. — Biochemical Markers of Stress in Medical Workers With Occupational Burnout Syndrome and Their Dynamics Under Physiotherapeutic Factors
In 175 healthcare professionals diagnosed with occupational burnout syndrome, various non-drug physiotherapy interventions — including hydrogen therapy — were tested in a randomised design.
2025 · Lui et al. — Predicting Therapeutic Response to Molecular Hydrogen in Autoimmune Diseases via Immunophenotyping
Can we predict in advance which autoimmune patients will benefit from H₂ therapy? This prospective study in 25 patients (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and others) developed a novel prediction index — the HRPI — based on immune cell profiles.
2025 · Tsai et al. — Molecular Hydrogen as an Adjuvant Therapy in Comorbid Sjögren's Syndrome, SLE, and ILD: A Case Report on Immune Modulation and Fatigue Reduction
A 69-year-old woman with overlapping Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) — a difficult-to-treat triad — showed notable clinical improvements after adding molecular hydrogen therapy to her regimen.
2025 · Lin et al. — Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy for Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Elevated IgG4: A Case Report on Immune Marker Normalization
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that often responds inadequately to the standard drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).
2025 · Hsu et al. — Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Enhances Immune Markers in Treg, Plasma, Tr1 Cells, and KLRG1 Expression on Tc Cells: A Case of Acute SDH With Midline Shift and Uncal Herniation Post-decompressive Craniectomy
Acute subdural hematoma with brain herniation carries high mortality and poor neurological outcomes.
2025 · Lin et al. — Molecular Hydrogen as an Adjuvant Therapy in Severe Lupus Serositis With Heart Failure: A Case Report on Immune Modulation and Fatigue Reduction
SLE with cardiac complications is managed with steroids and immunomodulators — but prolonged use causes serious side effects.
2025 · Nakayama et al. — Hemodialysis Employing Molecular Hydrogen (H₂) Enriched Dialysis Solution May Improve Dialysis-Related Fatigue Through Impact on Energy Metabolism
Fatigue is one of the most debilitating aspects of life on hemodialysis — and it remains largely unaddressed by standard care.
2025 · Lin et al. — Molecular Hydrogen as a Potential Adjunctive Therapy to Improve Renal Function and Reduce Fatigue in an Elderly Patient With Chronic Comorbidities: A Case Report
An 89-year-old woman with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes with nephropathy, and SLE — presenting with recurrent wound infection — showed improved renal function and reduced chronic fatigue after adjuvant hydrogen capsule therapy.
2024 · Dong — Hydrogen-Rich Gas Enhanced Sprint-Interval Performance: Metabolomic Insights into Underlying Mechanisms
Inhaling hydrogen-rich gas (HRG) for 60 minutes before a sprint-interval test improved late-stage anaerobic performance and reduced performance decline across sprints in healthy men.
2024 · Hirano — Successful treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome using hydrogen gas: four case reports.
Four patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) — one of medicine's most intractable and poorly understood conditions — are reported to have improved with hydrogen gas inhalation therapy.
2023 · Sumbalová — The Effect of Adjuvant Therapy with Molecular Hydrogen on Endogenous Coenzyme Q10 Levels and Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), eight weeks of hydrogen-rich water improved platelet mitochondrial energy production, raised coenzyme Q10 levels in platelets, and reduced oxidative stress markers — while placebo showed no significant changes.
2023 · Wang — Effects of molecular hydrogen intervention on the gut microbiome in methamphetamine abusers with mental disorder.
In female methamphetamine users suffering from depression and anxiety, both drinking and inhaling molecular hydrogen significantly alleviated mental health symptoms — and hydrogen inhalation also shifted gut microbiome composition.
2022 · Dong — Short-Term Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Enhances Power Performance and Heart Rate Recovery in Dragon Boat Athletes
Seven days of hydrogen-rich water improved maximum power output and post-exercise heart rate recovery in competitive dragon boat athletes compared to placebo water.
2021 · Kaibori — Effect of hydrogen gas inhalation on patient QOL after hepatectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
This is a published trial protocol — not yet results — for a randomised, double-blind, controlled study testing whether inhaling hydrogen gas after liver surgery improves patients' quality of life and reduces post-operative complications.
2020 · Hori et al. — Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
Inhaling 1 % H₂ gas during moderate-intensity cycling significantly increased breath acetone levels and oxygen uptake in ten healthy men — suggesting that H₂ promotes hepatic lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise.
2020 · Javorac et al. — Case Report: Acute hydrotherapy with super-saturated hydrogen-rich water for ankle sprain in a professional athlete.
A professional athlete with a grade II ankle sprain received six sessions of 30-minute H₂-rich water hydrotherapy within the first 24 hours post-injury, with notable improvements in pain (VAS 50 → 20), ankle swelling (–2.8 %), and dorsiflexion range of motion (+27.9 %) by the 24-hour follow-up.
2018 · Da Ponte — Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Prolonged Intermittent Exercise
Two weeks of hydrogen-rich water intake helped trained cyclists maintain peak power output during repeated all-out sprints over 30 minutes — where the placebo group showed significant power decline in the later sprints.
2017 · Nakayama et al. — Possible clinical effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) delivery during hemodialysis in chronic dialysis patients: Interim analysis in a 12 month observation.
In a 12-month prospective observation with 262 chronic dialysis patients, H₂-enriched dialysis solution was associated with lower antihypertensive drug use and fewer complaints of severe fatigue and pruritus — without detectable differences in standard dialysis parameters.
2003 · Huang — Reduced hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease patients by electrolyzed reduced water.
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing chronic hemodialysis showed significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and improved antioxidant status after one month of drinking electrolyzed reduced water (ERW).
1998 · Ditto et al. — A one-hour active coping stressor reduces small bowel transit time in healthy young adults
A one-hour stress task (avoiding mild electric shocks by playing video games) reduced small intestine transit time from 79 to 55 minutes in healthy males.
1990 · Makino — Measurement of Hepatic Blood Flow by the Hydrogen Gas Clearance Method: Experimental and Clinical Observations
Inhaled hydrogen gas serves as a highly accurate and minimally invasive tool for measuring liver blood flow in real time.
1985 · Mobassaleh et al. — Development of Carbohydrate Absorption in the Fetus and Neonate
This 1985 review describes how carbohydrate digestion enzymes and absorption mechanisms mature during fetal development and the neonatal period — and how breath hydrogen testing can non-invasively assess carbohydrate absorption status in young infants.
1984 · Read et al. — Is Raised Breath Hydrogen Related to the Pathogenesis of Pneumatosis Coli?
This 1984 study investigated five patients with pneumatosis coli — a rare condition where gas-filled cysts form in the colon wall — finding that all had abnormally high fasting breath hydrogen, and that the cysts themselves contained 2–8% hydrogen gas.
1984 · Sakiyama — The Cervical Blood Flow Using Hydrogen Gas Clearance Method
This 1984 Japanese study measured cervical blood flow across the menstrual cycle and various stages of pregnancy using inhaled hydrogen gas clearance — a diagnostic technique, not a therapy.
2026 · Lei — Synergistic Stretching-Annealing and Salting-Out Enabling Ultrastrong, Ultratough Anisotropic Bacterial Cellulose Conductive Hydrogels for Bioelectric Sensors
This materials science study presents a manufacturing process (stretching + annealing + salting-out) for making bacterial cellulose-based hydrogels with extreme mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, intended for wearable bioelectric sensors (ECG, EMG).
2025 · Negishi — The Rieske Iron-sulfur Protein Is a Primary Target of Molecular Hydrogen
Molecular hydrogen is not merely a passive free-radical scavenger — it actively targets a specific mitochondrial protein called the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP), a new finding that could help explain H₂'s wide-ranging and sometimes paradoxical biological effects.
2025 · Maier — Biomechanical Analysis of Biodegradable Magnesium, Zinc, and Polylactide Pins for Fixation of Radial Head Fractures
Biodegradable magnesium and zinc pins outperformed polylactide pins in laboratory biomechanical testing for radial head fracture fixation, with magnesium pins showing the highest stiffness and lowest fracture displacement.
2025 · Seya — Hydrogen-rich Gas Enhances Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Respiratory Function Recovery in Caco-2 Cells Post-ischemia-reperfusion Injury
Hydrogen-rich gas restored mitochondrial function in human intestinal cells (Caco-2) after simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury, improving ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption while reducing cell death signals.
2025 · Zhang — Hydrogen attenuates the senescence of adipose-derived stem cells and enhances their myogenic differentiation via modulation of the PRDX6/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Stem cells derived from fat tissue age over time, limiting their potential for regenerative therapies — and hydrogen gas treatment can slow this ageing while simultaneously improving the cells' ability to differentiate into muscle tissue.
2025 · Qiu — 3D printing combined with pH-induced 4D printed iron(III)-oxidized starch gels for controlled iron delivery and enhanced iron supplementation.
Iron deficiency anaemia can be treated more effectively with a new type of 3D-/4D-printed starch gel that releases iron only in the small intestine, not in the stomach — improving bioavailability while reducing side effects.
2025 · Mancebo — Performance of Unmodified Mechanical Ventilators With 2% Hydrogen Gas Mixtures.
Can standard, unmodified intensive-care ventilators safely deliver a 2% H₂ gas mixture?
2025 · Ji — Hydrolysis of 2D Nanosheets Reverses Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Anti-Inflammation and Osteogenesis.
Two-dimensional calcium disilicide nanoparticles (CSN) hydrolyse in joint fluid to release hydrogen gas, calcium hydroxide, and silica simultaneously — tackling three distinct processes that drive rheumatoid arthritis: oxidative stress, joint acidity, and bone erosion.
2024 · Benoit — d-aspartate, an amino-acid important for human health, supports anaerobic respiration in several Campylobacter species.
Certain gut bacteria in the Campylobacter family can use d-aspartate — a signalling molecule important to the human nervous system — as a nutrient source for anaerobic growth, using molecular hydrogen as an electron donor.
2024 · Lu et al. — Decoupling the Mutual Promotion of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Mitigates Cognitive Decline and Depression-Like Behavior in rmTBI Mice by Promoting Myelin Renewal and Neuronal Survival
In mice subjected to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), early treatment with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammasome activation, preserved myelin integrity, and improved both cognitive performance and depression-like behaviour.
2023 · Aokage — Attenuation of pulmonary damage in aged lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mice through continuous 2 % hydrogen gas inhalation: A potential therapeutic strategy for geriatric inflammation and survival
In aged mice (21–23 months) with LPS-induced systemic inflammation, continuous inhalation of 2 % hydrogen gas for 24 hours reduced lung inflammation, lowered senescence-related markers, and improved survival — while having no measurable effect on LPS-induced liver injury.
2023 · Son — PdO-Nanoparticle-Embedded Carbon Nanotube Yarns for Wearable Hydrogen Gas Sensing Platforms with Fast and Sensitive Responses
Researchers developed a flexible yarn-type sensor that detects explosive hydrogen concentrations within two seconds — opening a path toward wearable H₂ safety monitors.
2023 · Iketani — H₂-induced transient upregulation of phospholipids with suppression of energy metabolism
Short exposure to molecular hydrogen transiently shifts the lipid composition of neuroblastoma cells and temporarily suppresses their energy metabolism — a complex cellular response that hints at how H₂ may interact with cell membranes.
2023 · Sahoo — Hydrogen-producing Photocatalyst at Sunscreen for Athletes in Preventing and Healing Muscle-nerve-skin Injuries
A theoretical concept paper proposes embedding a UV-absorbing photocatalyst into a hydrogel sunscreen that would continuously split sweat into H₂ — allowing athletes to absorb H₂ through the skin during sun exposure.
2023 · Kopp — Long-term in vivo observations show biocompatibility and performance of ZX00 magnesium screws surface-modified by plasma-electrolytic oxidation in Göttingen miniature pigs
Bioabsorbable magnesium bone screws with a special surface coating (plasma-electrolytic oxidation) showed good biocompatibility and significantly slower, more controlled degradation over 18 months in large animals — with H₂ evolution serving as a standard measurement tool during in-vitro degradation testing, not as a therapy.
2023 · Yang — Molecular Hydrogen Promotes Adipose-derived Stem Cell Myogenic Differentiation via Regulation of Mitochondria
In cell culture experiments, exposing fat-tissue-derived stem cells to molecular hydrogen significantly improved their survival and their ability to differentiate into muscle cells — an effect linked to improved mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative stress.
2022 · Di et al. — A Bio-Inspired, Ultra-Tough, High-Sensitivity, and Anti-Swelling Conductive Hydrogel Strain Sensor for Motion Detection and Information Transmission
Researchers developed a bio-inspired conductive hydrogel with exceptional mechanical toughness (elongation >2000%), high sensitivity, and resistance to swelling — enabling its use as a wearable strain sensor for motion detection and Morse-code information encryption.
2022 · Sebastiampillai et al. — Using a High-Throughput, Whole-Cell Hydrogenase Assay to Identify Potential Small Molecule Inhibitors of [NiFe]-Hydrogenase
This in-vitro study developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify small molecules that could inhibit [NiFe]-hydrogenase enzymes — which certain human pathogens such as E. coli and H.
2022 · Asiain-Mira et al. — Hydrogen Production from Urea in Human Urine Using Segregated Systems
This study demonstrates a novel process for recovering energy from human urine by extracting urea, decomposing it thermally into ammonia, and then converting ammonia to hydrogen gas (H₂) — a potential energy fuel.
2022 · Catlett — Metabolic Synergy between Human Symbionts Bacteroides and Methanobrevibacter
Two dominant gut microbes — Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the hydrogen-consuming archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii — form a mutual metabolic partnership that depends on hydrogen gas.
2022 · Ge — Microbial hydrogen economy alleviates colitis by reprogramming colonocyte metabolism and reinforcing intestinal barrier
In mice with experimentally induced acute colitis, hydrogen-rich saline administration reduced intestinal inflammation, increased beneficial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and strengthened the gut barrier.
2022 · An — Gender-based differences in neuroprotective effects of hydrogen gas against intracerebral hemorrhage-induced depression
In a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), hydrogen gas inhalation provided stronger neuroprotective effects against post-stroke depression in female mice than in males — and adding estrogen to male mice restored comparable H₂ efficacy.
2022 · Liu — In vivo microelectrode monitoring of real-time hydrogen concentration in different tissues of rats after inhaling hydrogen gas
Using implanted electrochemical microelectrodes, researchers measured hydrogen concentrations in seven different rat tissues in real time during and after inhalation of 4 %, 42 %, and 67 % H₂ gas.
2021 · Yin et al. — Hydrogen Gas with Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improves Survival after Prolonged Cardiac Arrest in Rats
In a rat model of prolonged cardiac arrest, adding hydrogen gas (H₂) to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) dramatically improved 4-hour survival: 78% with H₂ versus 22% without.
2021 · LeBaron et al. — An H₂-Infused, Nitric Oxide-Producing Functional Beverage as a Neuroprotective Agent for TBIs and Concussions
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and concussions currently lack effective medical treatments, and this paper argues that a combination of molecular hydrogen and nitric oxide — delivered via a functional beverage — could address multiple aspects of TBI pathophysiology simultaneously.
2021 · Ohta et al. — Reply to „Discussion: Drinking Hydrogen Water Enhances Endurance and Relieves Psychometric Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study”
This is a short reply letter published in the Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, responding to a discussion of a hydrogen water endurance study. No abstract is available for this correspondence.
2021 · Falster et al. — Discussion: Drinking Hydrogen Water Enhances Endurance and Relieves Psychometric Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
This is a published discussion letter commenting on a controlled trial of hydrogen water and athletic endurance. No abstract is available for this correspondence.
2021 · Spanoghe et al. — Microbial Food from Light, Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Gas: Kinetic, Stoichiometric and Nutritional Potential of Three Purple Bacteria
Purple bacteria can grow using light, CO₂, and hydrogen gas as their sole energy and carbon sources, producing protein-rich biomass with complete dietary amino acid profiles.
2020 · Kwon — Antioxidant Activity of Hydrogen Water Mask Pack Composed of Gel-Type Emulsion and Hydrogen Generation Powder
A cosmetic mask pack containing zinc carbonate-derived hydrogen-generating powder was tested in vitro for antioxidant activity and in a small clinical pilot for skin density effects.
2020 · De Paepe — Bio-electrochemical COD Removal for Energy-efficient, Maximum and Robust Nitrogen Recovery from Urine through Membrane Aerated Nitrification
This study develops a two-stage electrochemical urine treatment system for sustainable nitrogen recovery — primarily for space exploration applications.
2020 · Sun — Photoactivated H₂ Nanogenerator for Enhanced Chemotherapy of Bladder Cancer
Researchers designed nanoparticles that generate H₂ gas inside cancer cells when activated by a 660 nm laser, finding in cell culture and mouse models that H₂ produced in this way significantly enhanced the efficacy of the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine against bladder cancer.
2020 · Ruaud — Syntrophy via Interspecies H₂ Transfer between Christensenella and Methanobrevibacter Underlies Their Global Cooccurrence in the Human Gut.
This microbiome study shows that gut bacteria of the genus Christensenella produce hydrogen gas (H₂) that is consumed by the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii — a metabolic partnership that explains why these two microbes co-occur globally and correlate with a lean body-mass index.
2020 · Ishihara — Molecular hydrogen suppresses superoxide generation in the mitochondrial complex I and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential.
In isolated mitochondria and cultured cells, molecular hydrogen altered the direction of electron flow at complex I, suppressed superoxide generation by 51 %, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential by 11 %.
2019 · Kou et al. — Acid-responsive H₂-releasing Fe nanoparticles for safe and effective cancer therapy.
This preclinical study describes an ingenious drug-delivery strategy: iron nanoparticles coated with carboxymethyl cellulose that release molecular hydrogen (H₂) selectively inside the acidic tumour microenvironment, enabling targeted, imaging-guided cancer therapy in mice.
2019 · Chen et al. — Inhaling Hydrogen Ameliorates Early Postresuscitation EEG Characteristics in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Rat Model.
In a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest, breathing 2% hydrogen gas after resuscitation dramatically improved both survival (90% vs. 40%) and the recovery of brain electrical activity (EEG) within four hours.
2019 · Zhang — Hydrogen Gas Improves Photothermal Therapy of Tumor and Restrains the Relapse of Distant Dormant Tumor
A biomimetic nanoparticle (mPDAB) that releases molecular hydrogen (H₂) locally in the tumor was combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) in a mouse breast cancer model, leading to complete elimination of primary tumors and suppression of distant dormant tumor regrowth.
2019 · Amberg — Effect of Physical Cues of Altered Extract Media from Biodegradable Magnesium Implants on Human Gingival Fibroblasts
As biodegradable magnesium (Mg) implants corrode, they alter the surrounding medium with elevated Mg²⁺, reduced Ca²⁺, increased osmolality, and dissolved molecular hydrogen (H₂) — all of which affect the migration rate of human gingival fibroblasts.
2019 · Kröninger — Energy Conservation in the Gut Microbe Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis Is Based on Membrane-Bound Ferredoxin Oxidation Coupled to Heterodisulfide Reduction
This in-vitro biochemistry study investigates how the gut-derived methanogenic archaeon Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis generates cellular energy — using molecular hydrogen (H₂) as a reductant to form methane from methylamines.
2019 · Fan — Acid-Responsive H₂-Releasing 2D MgB₂ Nanosheet for Therapeutic Synergy and Side Effect Attenuation of Gastric Cancer Chemotherapy.
Researchers engineered a magnesium boride (MgB₂) nanosheet that releases molecular hydrogen in acidic environments (such as the stomach) and combined it with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in a gastric-tumor mouse model.
2019 · Htun — Hydrogen ventilation combined with mild hypothermia improves short-term neurological outcomes in a 5-day neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia piglet model.
In newborn piglets that had suffered hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury (a model for birth asphyxia), combining therapeutic hypothermia with hydrogen (H₂) ventilation produced better neurological recovery scores than hypothermia alone over 5 days.
2019 · Liu — In vitro and in vivo studies of Mg-30Sc alloys with different phase structure for potential usage within bone.
Researchers developed a magnesium-scandium (Mg-30Sc) alloy with a body-centred-cubic (bcc) crystal structure as a biodegradable orthopaedic implant material and tested it in cell cultures and rats over 24 weeks.
2018 · Perisin — Human gut microbe co-cultures have greater potential than monocultures for food waste remediation to commodity chemicals
This computational study models how co-cultures of human gut bacteria convert food waste to useful chemicals (butanol, acetate, hydrogen gas, methane) more efficiently than monocultures.
2018 · Kadnikov — Lignite coal burning seam in the remote Altai Mountains harbors a hydrogen-driven thermophilic microbial community
In an underground coal fire site in the Altai Mountains, researchers identified thermophilic bacteria that survive by oxidising molecular hydrogen produced during coal combustion.
2017 · Watanabe — Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Muscular Damage Using a Mouse Hindlimb Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Model
In a mouse hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion model, inhalation of hydrogen gas — administered before and during reperfusion — significantly reduced muscle infarct zone, dampened inflammation, and improved walking function recovery.
2017 · Xing — Hydrogen Rich Water Attenuates Renal Injury and Fibrosis by Regulation of TGF-β-Induced Sirt1
Hydrogen-rich water reduced kidney fibrosis and dysfunction in a mouse model and prevented a critical cellular process — the transition of kidney epithelial cells into fibroblast-like cells — in human cell culture.
2016 · Wang — Hydrogen Metabolism in Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role in Gastric Carcinogenesis through Facilitating CagA Translocation
This animal and cell study shows that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori uses molecular hydrogen — produced by the gut microbiome — as an energy source to power delivery of its cancer-causing toxin CagA into stomach cells, promoting gastric cancer development in a gerbil model.
2016 · Wolf — H₂ metabolism is widespread and diverse among human colonic microbes
A large-scale genomic and metagenomic analysis shows that 70% of microbial species in the human colon encode genes for metabolising molecular hydrogen (H₂), and that electron-bifurcating fermentation — rather than respiratory H₂ oxidation — is the dominant mechanism of H₂ recycling in the gut.
2015 · Chikan et al. — Atomic Insight into the Altered O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Protein Architecture in Gastric Cancer.
A missense mutation at codon 151 of the DNA-repair protein MGMT — found in nearly 40 % of tested gastric-cancer tissue samples — causes major structural disruption of the protein's active site, as shown by molecular dynamics simulation.
2015 · Nkamga et al. — Diversity of human-associated Methanobrevibacter smithii isolates revealed by multispacer sequence typing.
A new genotyping method (multispacer sequence typing, MST) applied to Methanobrevibacter smithii — the main hydrogen-consuming archaeon in the human gut — revealed 15 distinct genetic variants among isolates from oral cavity and gut of 12 individuals.
2013 · Wang et al. — A surface-eroding poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) coating for fully biodegradable magnesium-based stent applications.
This materials science study investigated a biodegradable polymer coating (PTMC) for magnesium-based cardiovascular stents — aiming to control corrosion and improve biocompatibility.
2012 · Sun et al. — Oral intake of hydrogen-rich water inhibits intimal hyperplasia in arterialized vein grafts in rats.
Vein grafts used in bypass surgery frequently fail due to intimal hyperplasia — thickening of the vessel wall that narrows the lumen over time.
2010 · Wong — A biodegradable polymer-based coating to control the performance of magnesium alloy orthopaedic implants.
This in-vitro and in-vivo study developed a biodegradable polymer coating for magnesium alloy bone implants to control their corrosion rate and reduce the accumulation of hydrogen gas during degradation.
2009 · Gray-Munro — The mechanism of deposition of calcium phosphate coatings from solution onto magnesium alloy AZ31.
This in-vitro materials science study investigated how calcium phosphate coatings can be deposited onto magnesium alloy surfaces to slow their degradation in biological environments.
2008 · Song — A role for IOP1 in mammalian cytosolic iron-sulfur protein biogenesis.
This in-vitro cell study identified IOP1 — a mammalian protein homologous to bacterial iron-only hydrogenases — as essential for the maturation of cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins in human cells.
2008 · da Silva — Hydrogen as an energy source for the human pathogen Bilophila wadsworthia.
This in-vitro microbiology study showed that the gut pathogen Bilophila wadsworthia can use molecular hydrogen (H₂) as an excellent growth substrate through its multiple hydrogenase enzymes.
2007 · Tovar et al. — A mitosome purification protocol based on percoll density gradients and its use in validating the mitosomal nature of Entamoeba histolytica mitochondrial Hsp70
This cell biology study describes a method to isolate „mitosomes“ — highly reduced, hydrogen-independent remnants of mitochondria — from the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
2002 · Happe — Hydrogenases in green algae: do they save the algae's life and solve our energy problems?
Green algae are the only known eukaryotes capable of both photosynthesis and hydrogen metabolism — a dual ability that may hold the key to sustainable H₂ production.
2002 · van der Giezen — Conserved properties of hydrogenosomal and mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers: a common origin for both organelles.
Hydrogenosomes — the hydrogen-producing organelles found in certain anaerobic eukaryotes — and mitochondria share the same fundamental ADP/ATP transport machinery, providing strong evidence that both organelles descend from a common ancestor.
2001 · Benchimol — Hydrogenosome morphological variation induced by fibronectin and other drugs in Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus.
Hydrogenosomes — organelles in anaerobic protozoa that produce molecular hydrogen — show remarkable morphological plasticity when exposed to fibronectin, hydroxyurea, or cytochalasin B.
1999 · Tomita — Oxygen and hydrogen gas transport through living C6 cell suspensions is faster than that in dead cells.
This in-vitro study demonstrates that living C6 (rat glioma) cell suspensions transport both oxygen and molecular hydrogen gas more rapidly than dead cell suspensions.
1999 · Schneider — Anaerobic transformation of quercetin-3-glucoside by bacteria from the human intestinal tract.
This in-vitro study identifies two types of intestinal bacteria — Enterococcus casseliflavus and Eubacterium ramulus — capable of degrading the plant flavonoid quercetin-3-glucoside under anaerobic conditions.
1994 · Florin — A Possible Role for Bile Acid in the Control of Methanogenesis and the Accumulation of Hydrogen Gas in the Human Colon
This in-vitro study of anaerobic fecal cultures found that primary bile acids inhibit methanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner — suggesting that bile acids regulate the balance between H₂ accumulation and methane production in the human colon.
1993 · Scrimgeour — A Simplified Method for Deuterium/Hydrogen Isotope Ratio Measurements on Water Samples of Biological Origin
This methodological study describes an improved technique for measuring the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H or ²H/¹H) isotope ratio in biological water samples using platinum catalyst–driven equilibration in Vacutainers — enabling non-invasive assessment of total body water and water turnover in human studies.
1989 · Heizmann — GasPak Plus versus Anaerocult A — two carbon dioxide/hydrogen systems for cultivation of anaerobes.
Two commercially available CO₂/H₂ gas-generating systems for culturing anaerobic bacteria were compared and found to be equally effective overall, though growth varied considerably between individual bacterial species.